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. 2018 Sep 14;19(9):2764.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19092764.

Comparison of Antibacterial Adhesion When Salivary Pellicle Is Coated on Both Poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate)- and Polyethylene-glycol-methacrylate-grafted Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Bor-Shiunn Lee  1 , Yu-Jia Chen  2 , Ta-Chin Wei  3 , Tien-Li Ma  4 , Che-Chen Chang  5
Affiliations

Comparison of Antibacterial Adhesion When Salivary Pellicle Is Coated on Both Poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate)- and Polyethylene-glycol-methacrylate-grafted Poly(methyl methacrylate)

Bor-Shiunn Lee et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Although poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA) have been demonstrated to inhibit bacterial adhesion, no study has compared antibacterial adhesion when salivary pellicle is coated on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) grafted with pHEMA and on PMMA grafted with PEGMA. In this study, PMMA discs were fabricated from a commercial orthodontic acrylic resin system (Ortho-Jet). Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectra taken before and after grafting confirmed that pHEMA and PEGMA were successfully grafted on PMMA. Contact angle measurements revealed PMMA-pHEMA to be the most hydrophilic, followed by PMMA-PEGMA, and then by PMMA. Zeta potential analysis revealed the most negative surface charges on PMMA-PEGMA, followed by PMMA-pHEMA, and then by PMMA. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed green fluorescence in the background, indicating images that influenced the accuracy of the quantification of live bacteria. Both the optical density value measured at 600 nm and single plate-serial dilution spotting showed that pHEMA was more effective than PEGMA against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans, although the difference was not significant. Therefore, the grafting of pHEMA and PEGMA separately on PMMA is effective against bacterial adhesion, even after the grafted PMMA were coated with salivary pellicle. Surface hydrophilicity, bactericidality, and Coulomb repulsion between the negatively charged bacteria and the grafted surface contributed to the effectiveness.

Keywords: anti-adhesion; antibacterial adhesion; biocompatibility; dentistry; orthodontic; pellicle coating; prostheses; protein adsorption; serial dilution spotting.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), PMMA-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), polyethylene glycol methacrylate (PEGMA), and PMMA-PEGMA.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Contact angles expressed in degrees and (b) zeta potentials (mV) of PMMA, PMMA-pHEMA, and PMMA-PEGMA.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Bacterial growth curves of (a) E. coli and (b) S. mutans with an initial concentration of 0.1 OD600.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images of PMMA, PMMA-pHEMA, and PMMA-PEGMA discs without bacterial inoculation (top row) and after 2 h of E. coli (middle row) or S. mutans (bottom row) adhesion. Green arrows selectively indicate the presence of live bacteria (in green), whereas red arrows selectively indicate the presence of dead bacteria (in red).
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL values of E. coli in washed phosphate buffered saline (PBS) from the first incubation after being cultured on tryptic soy agar (TSA) using SP-SDS. The (b) OD600 and (c) CFU/mL values of E. coli in culture medium after the second incubation for 3 h. * p < 0.05.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) CFU/mL values of S. mutans in washed PBS from the first incubation after being cultured on TSA using SP-SDS. The (b) OD600 and (c) CFU/mL values of S. mutans in culture medium after the second incubation for 13 h.
Figure 7
Figure 7
MTT results of the control, PMMA, PMMA-pHEMA, and PMMA-PEGMA. All 3 PMMA-related materials were considered biocompatible because the OD570 values were similar to the control group.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Flow diagram of this study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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