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. 2018 Sep 17;15(1):143.
doi: 10.1186/s12985-018-1051-2.

Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in mothers on treatment with a history of prophylaxis in Ghana

Alexander Martin-Odoom  1 , Charles Addoquaye Brown  2 , John Kofi Odoom  3 , Evelyn Yayra Bonney  3 , Nana Afia Asante Ntim  3 , Elena Delgado  4 , Margaret Lartey  5 , Kwamena William Sagoe  2 , Theophilus Adiku  2 , William Kwabena Ampofo  3
Affiliations

Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in mothers on treatment with a history of prophylaxis in Ghana

Alexander Martin-Odoom et al. Virol J. .

Abstract

Background: Antiretrovirals have been available in Ghana since 2003 for HIV-1 positive pregnant women for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Suboptimal responses to treatment observed post-PMTCT interventions necessitated the need to investigate the profile of viral mutations generated. This study investigated HIV-1 drug resistance profiles in mothers in selected centres in Ghana on treatment with a history of prophylaxis.

Methods: Genotypic Drug Resistance Testing for HIV-1 was carried out. Subtyping was done by phylogenetic analysis and Stanford HIV Database programme was used for drug resistance analysis and interpretation. To compare the significance between the different groups and the emergence of drug resistance mutations, p values were used.

Results: Participants who had prophylaxis before treatment, those who had treatment without prophylaxis and those yet to initiate PMTCT showed 32% (8), 5% (3) and 15% (4) HIV-1 drug resistance associated mutations respectively. The differences were significant with p value < 0.05. Resistance Associated Mutations (RAMs) were seen in 14 participants (35%) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). The most common NRTI mutation found was M184 V; K103 N and A98G were the most common NNRTI mutations seen. Thymidine Analogue Mutations (TAMs) such as M41 L, K70R and T215Y were found in all the groups; the most common of the TAMs found were M41 L and T215Y. Majority of the subtypes were CRF02_AG (82%).

Conclusion: In Ghana initiation of uninterrupted treatment upon diagnosis, coupled with drug resistance testing, would produce a better treatment outcome for HIV-1 positive pregnant women.

Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance profiles; Phylogenetic analysis; Treatment outcome.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study was approved by the Ethical and Protocol Review Committee of the University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, and the National AIDS/STI Control Programme gave formal consent to grant access to the HIV Care and Support Centers. Participants gave informed signed or thumb-printed written consent to participate in the study and confidentiality was ensured throughout the study.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses for RT sequences and selected HIV-1 subtype references by maximum likelihood method. Markers indicate reference sequences: ▲ Ref B, ▼ Ref A2, ● Ref A1, ♦ Ref G, ■ Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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