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. 2019 Jan;39(1):3-19.
doi: 10.1177/0271678X18801467. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Basement membrane and stroke

Yao Yao  1
Affiliations

Basement membrane and stroke

Yao Yao. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2019 Jan.

Abstract

Located at the interface of the circulation system and the CNS, the basement membrane (BM) is well positioned to regulate blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Given the important roles of BBB in the development and progression of various neurological disorders, the BM has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. After stroke, a cerebrovascular disease caused by rupture (hemorrhagic) or occlusion (ischemic) of cerebral blood vessels, the BM undergoes constant remodeling to modulate disease progression. Although an association between BM dissolution and stroke is observed, how each individual BM component changes after stroke and how these components contribute to stroke pathogenesis are mostly unclear. In this review, I first briefly introduce the composition of the BM in the brain. Next, the functions of the BM and its major components in BBB maintenance under homeostatic conditions are summarized. Furthermore, the roles of the BM and its major components in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke are discussed. Last, unsolved questions and potential future directions are described. This review aims to provide a comprehensive reference for future studies, stimulate the formation of new ideas, and promote the generation of new genetic tools in the field of BM/stroke research.

Keywords: Stroke; basement membrane; blood–brain barrier; brain ischemia; intracerebral hemorrhage.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Anatomical location of the BMs at the BBB. (a) Diagram illustration of the endothelial and parenchymal BMs at the BBB. (b) An electron microscopy image showing endothelial and parenchymal BMs at the BBB. BM: basement membrane; BBB: blood–brain barrier. (c) The cellular source of different laminin isoforms and their distribution in the endothelial and parenchymal BMs. (d) Changes of the four major BM components after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Structures of major BM components. (a) Structures of collagen IV monomer (α chain), trimer (protomer), and network. (b) Structure of a fully assembled laminin molecule. (c) Structure of nidogen-1/2. (d) Structure of HSPG2. BM: basement membrane; HSPG2: heparan sulfate proteoglycan-2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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