Sentinel surveillance of suspected opioid-related poisonings and injuries: trends and context derived from the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, March 2011 to June 2017
- PMID: 30226725
- PMCID: PMC6169700
- DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.38.9.03
Sentinel surveillance of suspected opioid-related poisonings and injuries: trends and context derived from the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, March 2011 to June 2017
Abstract
Introduction: The opioid epidemic is currently a major public health problem in Canada. As such, knowledge of upstream risk factors associated with opioid use is needed to inform injury prevention, health promotion and harm reduction efforts.
Methods: We analyzed data extracted from 11 pediatric and 6 general hospital emergency departments (EDs) as part of the electronic Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (eCHIRPP) from March 2011 to June 2017. We identified suspected opioid-related injuries using search strings and manually verified them. We computed age-adjusted and sex-stratified proportionate injury ratios (PIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare opioid-related injuries to all injuries in eCHIRPP. Negative binomial regression was used to determine trends over time. We conducted qualitative analyses of narratives to identify common themes across life stages.
Results: Between March 2011 and June 2017, 583 suspected opioid-related poisoning/ injury cases were identified from eCHIRPP. Most of the cases were females (55%). Many of the injuries occurred in patients' own homes (51%). Forty-five percent of the injuries were intentional self-harm. Among children (aged 1-9 years), most injuries were caused by inadvertent consumption of opioids left unattended. Among youth (aged 10-19 years) and adults (aged 20-49 years), opioid use was associated with underlying mental illness. Overall, the average annual percent change (AAPC) in the rate of injuries (per 100 000 eCHIRPP cases) has been increasing since 2012 (AAPC = 11.9%, p < .05). The increase is particularly evident for males (AAPC = 16.3%, p < .05). Compared to other injuries, people with suspected opioid-related injuries were more likely to be admitted to hospital (PIR = 5.3, 95% CI: 4.6-6.2).
Conclusion: The upstream determinants of opioid-related injuries are complex and likely vary by subpopulations. Therefore, continued monitoring of risk factors is important in providing the evidence necessary to prevent future overdoses and deaths.
Introduction: La crise actuelle des opioïdes est un problème de santé publique majeur au Canada. Il est nécessaire de connaître les facteurs de risque en amont associés à la consommation d’opioïdes pour éclairer les efforts de prévention des blessures, de promotion de la santé et de réduction des méfaits.
Méthodologie: Nous avons analysé les données sur les blessures subies par des personnes traitées dans les services d’urgence (SU) de onze hôpitaux pédiatriques et de six hôpitaux généraux au Canada et recueillies par le Système canadien hospitalier d’information et de recherche en prévention des traumatismes en ligne (SCHIRPTe) entre mars 2011 et juin 2017. Nous avons identifié les blessures apparemment liées aux opioïdes au moyen de chaînes de recherche et nous les avons vérifiées manuellement. Nous avons calculé des rapports proportionnels de blessures (RPB) en fonction de l’âge et du sexe ainsi que des intervalles de confiance à 95 % pour comparer les blessures liées à la consommation d’opioïdes à l'ensemble des blessures figurant dans le SCHIRPTe. Une régression binomiale négative a été utilisée pour déterminer les tendances au fil du temps. Nous avons effectué des analyses qualitatives des informations descriptives afin d'en dégager les thèmes communs spécifiques à chaque étape de vie.
Résultats: Nous avons identifié 583 cas d'intoxications ou de blessures apparemment liées aux opioïdes dans le SCHIRPTe pour la période allant de mars 2011 à juin 2017. La majorité concernaient des femmes (55 %) et sont survenues au domicile des patients (51 %). Quarante-cinq pour cent des blessures étaient des automutilations intentionnelles. Chez les enfants (1 à 9 ans), la plupart des blessures ont été causées par une consommation accidentelle d’opioïdes laissés sans surveillance. Chez les jeunes (10 à 19 ans) et les adultes (20 à 49 ans), la consommation d’opioïdes était associée à une maladie mentale sous-jacente. Dans l’ensemble, on observe une augmentation de la variation annuelle moyenne en pourcentage (VAMP) du taux de blessures (pour 100 000 cas dans le SCHIRPTe) depuis 2012 (VAMP = 11,9 %, p < 0,05), particulièrement marquée chez les hommes (VAMP = 16,3 %, p < 0,05). Les personnes victimes de blessures apparemment liées à la consommation d’opioïdes étaient plus susceptibles d’être admises à l’hôpital que les personnes victimes d'autres types de blessure (RPB = 5,3, IC à 95 % : 4,6 à 6,2).
Conclusion: Les déterminants en amont des blessures liées à l’utilisation d’opioïdes sont complexes et varient probablement selon les sous-populations. La surveillance continue des facteurs de risque est donc importante afin d'obtenir les données probantes nécessaires à la prévention d’autres surdoses et décès.
Keywords: CHIRPP; Canada; ED; emergency department; opiate; opioid; poisoning; surveillance.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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