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Clinical Trial
. 2018 Sep 17;10(9):1315.
doi: 10.3390/nu10091315.

Tocotrienol-Rich Vitamin E from Palm Oil (Tocovid) and Its Effects in Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy: A Pilot Phase II Clinical Trial

Suzanne May Quinn Tan  1 , Yilynn Chiew  2 , Badariah Ahmad  3 , Khalid Abdul Kadir  4
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Tocotrienol-Rich Vitamin E from Palm Oil (Tocovid) and Its Effects in Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy: A Pilot Phase II Clinical Trial

Suzanne May Quinn Tan et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Tocotrienol-rich vitamin E from palm oil (Tocovid) has been shown to ameliorate diabetes through its superior antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties in diabetic rats. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tocovid on diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Baseline parameters of potential subjects such as HbA1c, blood pressure, Advanced Glycation Endproduct (AGE), soluble receptor for AGE (sRAGE), Nε-Carboxymethyllysine (Nε-CML), and Cystatin C were assessed for possible correlation with diabetic nephropathy. Only subjects with diabetic nephropathy or urine microalbuminuria-positive defined as Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (UACR) >10 mg/mmol were recruited into a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. The intervention group (n = 22) received Tocovid 200 mg twice a day while the control group (n = 23) received placebo twice a day for 8 weeks. Changes in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, serum biomarkers and renal parameters such as UACR, serum creatinine, and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) were compared between the two groups. It was found that serum Nε-CML significantly correlated to the severity of microalbuminuria. For every 1 ng/mL increase in serum Nε-CML, the odds of diabetic nephropathy increased by 1.476 times. Tocovid, compared to placebo, significantly reduced serum creatinine but not eGFR, UACR, HbA1c, blood pressure, and serum biomarkers. In conclusion, serum Nε-CML is a potential biomarker for diabetic nephropathy. Treatment with Tocovid significantly reduced serum creatinine; therefore Tocovid may be a useful addition to the current treatment for diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords: advanced glycation end products; antioxidant; carboxymethyl-lysine; diabetes; diabetic nephropathy; oxidative stress; tocotrienol; vitamin E.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The sponsors had no role in the design of the study that included data collection, analyses or interpretation, the writing of the manuscript and in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overall study design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Summary of patient flow diagram. n: number of participants.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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