Investigational drugs targeting prostaglandin receptors for the treatment of glaucoma

Abstract

Introduction: Prostaglandin F2α analogs were the first prostaglandin agonists introduced for glaucoma treatment. Thanks to their efficacy and favorable tolerability they set a high bar in competition, with a resultant paucity in new hypotensive drug development for many years. However, the scientific community has shown recently a new interest in exploring new options for glaucoma treatment, generating a remarkable incentive in the marketplace for new drugs.

Areas covered: This article reviews agents targeting prostaglandin receptors that are currently being investigated for glaucoma treatment. We searched published literature for agonists targeting all subtypes of prostaglandin receptors found in ocular tissues. EP and FP receptor agonists are currently in the spotlight of clinical research, while less attention is paid in DP receptor agonists.

Expert opinion: Prostaglandin analogs, targeting different and combinations of receptor subtypes and compounds that exhibit additivity to commonly prescribed medications seem to be highly promising options. New treatments need to be safe, more effective, superior to existing therapies, tolerable and cost-effective. New generation compounds with multiple mechanisms of action or multiagent formulations are vigorously being investigated and generated in laboratories around the world.

Keywords: EP receptor agonists; FP receptor agonists; Prostaglandin receptors; aqueous humor; intraocular pressure (IOP); latanoprostene bunod; ocular hypertension (OHT); omidenepag isopropyl; primary open angle glaucoma (POAG); prostaglandin analogs (PGAs); trabecular meshwork; uveoscleral tract.