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. 2018 Nov;101(5):562-569.
doi: 10.1007/s00128-018-2438-x. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Effects of Glyphosate-, Glufosinate- and Flazasulfuron-Based Herbicides on Soil Microorganisms in a Vineyard

Karin Mandl  1 , Clemens Cantelmo  1   2 , Edith Gruber  2 , Florian Faber  1 , Barbara Friedrich  1 , Johann G Zaller  3
Affiliations

Effects of Glyphosate-, Glufosinate- and Flazasulfuron-Based Herbicides on Soil Microorganisms in a Vineyard

Karin Mandl et al. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2018 Nov.

Abstract

In a vineyard we examined the effects of broad-spectrum herbicides with three different active ingredients (glyphosate, glufosinate, flazasulfuron) on soil microorganisms. Mechanical weeding served as control treatment. Treatments were applied within grapevine rows and soil samples taken from there in 10-20 cm depth 77 days after application. Fungi were analyzed using classical sequencing technology and bacteria using next-generation sequencing. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) comprising bacteria, yeasts and molds was higher under flazasulfuron compared to all other treatments which had similar CFU levels. Abundance of the fungus Mucor was higher under flazasulfuron than glufosinate and mechanical weeding; Mucor was absent under glyphosate. Several other fungi taxa were exclusively found under a specific treatment. Up to 160 different bacteria species were found - some of them for the first time in vineyard soils. Total bacterial counts under herbicides were on average 260% higher than under mechanical weeding; however due to high variability this was not statistically significant. We suggest that herbicide-induced alterations of soil microorganisms could have knock-on effects on other parts of the grapevine system.

Keywords: Non-target effects; Pesticide; Soil biota; Soil microbes; Viticulture; Weed control.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Mean proportions of yeasts, bacteria and molds in soil samples in vineyards rows after mechanical weeding (mech) or three herbicide treatments (glyph…glyphosate, glufo…glufosinate, flaza…flazasulfuron). Different letters denote significant differences of the total CFU counts (Tukey HSD, p < 0.05). Data obtained by classical sequencing
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Composition of soil bacteria and archeobacteria communities in vineyards rows after mechanical weeding (mech) and three herbicide treatments (glyph…glyphosate, glufo…glufosinate, flaza…flazasulfuron). Data obtained by NGS sequencing
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Selected taxa of soil microorganisms in vineyards rows under mechanical weeding (mech) and application of three herbicide (glyph…glyphosate, glufo…glufosinate, flaza…flazasulfuron). Means ± SD. Different letters denote significant differences (Tukey HSD, p < 0.05). Fungi data obtained using classical sequencing, bacteria data by NGS sequencing
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