Control of Confounding and Reporting of Results in Causal Inference Studies. Guidance for Authors from Editors of Respiratory, Sleep, and Critical Care Journals

David J Lederer^{1

2}, Scott C Bell³, Richard D Branson⁴, James D Chalmers⁵, Rachel Marshall⁶, David M Maslove⁷, David E Ost⁸, Naresh M Punjabi⁹, Michael Schatz¹⁰, Alan R Smyth¹¹, Paul W Stewart¹², Samy Suissa¹³, Alex A Adjei¹⁴, Cezmi A Akdis¹⁵, Élie Azoulay¹⁶, Jan Bakker^{17

18

19}, Zuhair K Ballas²⁰, Philip G Bardin²¹, Esther Barreiro²², Rinaldo Bellomo²³, Jonathan A Bernstein²⁴, Vito Brusasco²⁵, Timothy G Buchman^{26

27

28}, Sudhansu Chokroverty²⁹, Nancy A Collop^{30

31}, James D Crapo³², Dominic A Fitzgerald³³, Lauren Hale³⁴, Nicholas Hart³⁵, Felix J Herth³⁶, Theodore J Iwashyna³⁷, Gisli Jenkins³⁸, Martin Kolb³⁹, Guy B Marks⁴⁰, Peter Mazzone⁴¹, J Randall Moorman^{42

43

44}, Thomas M Murphy⁴⁵, Terry L Noah⁴⁶, Paul Reynolds⁴⁷, Dieter Riemann⁴⁸, Richard E Russell^{49

50}, Aziz Sheikh⁵¹, Giovanni Sotgiu⁵², Erik R Swenson⁵³, Rhonda Szczesniak^{54

55}, Ronald Szymusiak^{56

57}, Jean-Louis Teboul⁵⁸, Jean-Louis Vincent⁵⁹

Affiliations

¹ 1 Department of Medicine and.
² 2 Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Editor-in-Chief, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.
³ 3 Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Cystic Fibrosis.
⁴ 4 Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Editor-in-Chief, Respiratory Care.
⁵ 5 University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland; Deputy Chief Editor, European Respiratory Journal.
⁶ 6 London, England; Deputy Editor, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.
⁷ 7 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Associate Editor for Data Science, Critical Care Medicine.
⁸ 8 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology.
⁹ 9 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Deputy Editor-in-Chief, SLEEP.
¹⁰ 10 Department of Allergy, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Diego, California; Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology: In Practice.
¹¹ 11 Division of Child Health, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; Joint Editor-in-Chief, Thorax.
¹² 12 Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Associate Editor, Pediatric Pulmonology.
¹³ 13 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Advisor, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
¹⁴ 14 Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Thoracic Oncology.
¹⁵ 15 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Editor-in-Chief, Allergy.
¹⁶ 16 St. Louis Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France; Editor-in-Chief, Intensive Care Medicine.
¹⁷ 17 Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
¹⁸ 18 Department of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
¹⁹ 19 Department of Intensive Care, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Critical Care.
²⁰ 20 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa; Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
²¹ 21 Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Hospital and University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Co-Editor-in-Chief, Respirology.
²² 22 Pulmonology Department, Muscle and Lung Cancer Research Group, Research Institute of Hospital del Mar and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Editor-in-Chief, Archivos de Bronconeumologia.
²³ 23 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Austin Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care & Resuscitation.
²⁴ 24 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Asthma.
²⁵ 25 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Editor-in-Chief, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
²⁶ 26 Department of Surgery.
²⁷ 27 Department of Anesthesiology, and.
²⁸ 28 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care Medicine.
²⁹ 29 JFK New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health-JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey; Editor-in-Chief, Sleep Medicine.
³⁰ 30 Department of Medicine and.
³¹ 31 Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.
³² 32 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the COPD Foundation.
³³ 33 The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Editor in Chief, Paediatric Respiratory Reviews.
³⁴ 34 Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population and Family Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Editor-in-Chief, Sleep Health.
³⁵ 35 Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Joint Editor-In-Chief, Thorax.
³⁶ 36 Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Editor-in-Chief, Respiration.
³⁷ 37 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Innovation Editor, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.
³⁸ 38 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; Joint Editor-In-Chief, Thorax.
³⁹ 39 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Chief Editor, European Respiratory Journal.
⁴⁰ 40 South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Joint Editor-in-Chief (Lung Diseases), International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.
⁴¹ 41 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Incoming Editor-in-Chief, CHEST.
⁴² 42 Department of Medicine.
⁴³ 43 Department of Physiology, and.
⁴⁴ 44 Department of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Editor-in-Chief, Physiological Measurement.
⁴⁵ 45 Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Editor-in-Chief, Pediatric Pulmonology.
⁴⁶ 46 Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Deputy Editor, Pediatric Pulmonology.
⁴⁷ 47 Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-Editor-in-Chief, Respirology.
⁴⁸ 48 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Sleep Research.
⁴⁹ 49 Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
⁵⁰ 50 Lymington New Forest Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of COPD.
⁵¹ 51 Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Editor-in-Chief: npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine.
⁵² 52 Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Associate Editor, European Respiratory Journal; Advisor, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
⁵³ 53 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States; Editor-in-Chief, High Altitude Medicine & Biology.
⁵⁴ 54 Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
⁵⁵ 55 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Statistical Editor, Thorax.
⁵⁶ 56 Department of Medicine and.
⁵⁷ 57 Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Editor-in-Chief, SLEEP.
⁵⁸ 58 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Editor-in-Chief, Annals of Intensive Care; and.
⁵⁹ 59 Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris South, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care.

PMID: 30230362
DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201808-564PS

Free article

Control of Confounding and Reporting of Results in Causal Inference Studies. Guidance for Authors from Editors of Respiratory, Sleep, and Critical Care Journals

David J Lederer et al. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019 Jan.

Free article

. 2019 Jan;16(1):22-28.

doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201808-564PS.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ 1 Department of Medicine and.
² 2 Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Editor-in-Chief, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.
³ 3 Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Cystic Fibrosis.
⁴ 4 Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Editor-in-Chief, Respiratory Care.
⁵ 5 University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland; Deputy Chief Editor, European Respiratory Journal.
⁶ 6 London, England; Deputy Editor, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.
⁷ 7 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Associate Editor for Data Science, Critical Care Medicine.
⁸ 8 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology.
⁹ 9 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Deputy Editor-in-Chief, SLEEP.
¹⁰ 10 Department of Allergy, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Diego, California; Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology: In Practice.
¹¹ 11 Division of Child Health, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; Joint Editor-in-Chief, Thorax.
¹² 12 Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Associate Editor, Pediatric Pulmonology.
¹³ 13 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Advisor, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
¹⁴ 14 Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Thoracic Oncology.
¹⁵ 15 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Editor-in-Chief, Allergy.
¹⁶ 16 St. Louis Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France; Editor-in-Chief, Intensive Care Medicine.
¹⁷ 17 Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York.
¹⁸ 18 Department of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
¹⁹ 19 Department of Intensive Care, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Critical Care.
²⁰ 20 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa; Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
²¹ 21 Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Hospital and University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Co-Editor-in-Chief, Respirology.
²² 22 Pulmonology Department, Muscle and Lung Cancer Research Group, Research Institute of Hospital del Mar and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Editor-in-Chief, Archivos de Bronconeumologia.
²³ 23 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Austin Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care & Resuscitation.
²⁴ 24 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Asthma.
²⁵ 25 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Editor-in-Chief, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
²⁶ 26 Department of Surgery.
²⁷ 27 Department of Anesthesiology, and.
²⁸ 28 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care Medicine.
²⁹ 29 JFK New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health-JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey; Editor-in-Chief, Sleep Medicine.
³⁰ 30 Department of Medicine and.
³¹ 31 Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.
³² 32 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the COPD Foundation.
³³ 33 The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Editor in Chief, Paediatric Respiratory Reviews.
³⁴ 34 Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population and Family Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Editor-in-Chief, Sleep Health.
³⁵ 35 Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Joint Editor-In-Chief, Thorax.
³⁶ 36 Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Editor-in-Chief, Respiration.
³⁷ 37 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Innovation Editor, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.
³⁸ 38 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; Joint Editor-In-Chief, Thorax.
³⁹ 39 Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Chief Editor, European Respiratory Journal.
⁴⁰ 40 South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Joint Editor-in-Chief (Lung Diseases), International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.
⁴¹ 41 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Incoming Editor-in-Chief, CHEST.
⁴² 42 Department of Medicine.
⁴³ 43 Department of Physiology, and.
⁴⁴ 44 Department of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Editor-in-Chief, Physiological Measurement.
⁴⁵ 45 Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Editor-in-Chief, Pediatric Pulmonology.
⁴⁶ 46 Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Deputy Editor, Pediatric Pulmonology.
⁴⁷ 47 Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-Editor-in-Chief, Respirology.
⁴⁸ 48 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Sleep Research.
⁴⁹ 49 Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
⁵⁰ 50 Lymington New Forest Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of COPD.
⁵¹ 51 Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Editor-in-Chief: npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine.
⁵² 52 Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Associate Editor, European Respiratory Journal; Advisor, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
⁵³ 53 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States; Editor-in-Chief, High Altitude Medicine & Biology.
⁵⁴ 54 Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
⁵⁵ 55 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Statistical Editor, Thorax.
⁵⁶ 56 Department of Medicine and.
⁵⁷ 57 Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Editor-in-Chief, SLEEP.
⁵⁸ 58 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Editor-in-Chief, Annals of Intensive Care; and.
⁵⁹ 59 Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris South, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care.

PMID: 30230362
DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201808-564PS

Erratum in

Erratum: Control of Confounding and Reporting of Results in Causal Inference Studies. Guidance for Authors from Editors of Respiratory, Sleep, and Critical Care Journals.
[No authors listed] [No authors listed] Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019 Feb;16(2):283. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.162erratum. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019. PMID: 30707068 No abstract available.

No abstract available

Keywords: causality; confounding factors; epidemiology; research design.

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Comment in

Relevance of Controling for Confounding in Observational Studies.
Barreiro E, Muñoz X, González-Barcala FJ, Bustamante V, Granda-Orive JI. Barreiro E, et al. Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed). 2019 Mar;55(3):117. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Jan 25. Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed). 2019. PMID: 30686718 English, Spanish. No abstract available.
Reply: More on Causal Inference Studies.
Lederer DJ, Bell SC, Smyth AR, Chalmers JD. Lederer DJ, et al. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019 May;16(5):646. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201901-070LE. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019. PMID: 30742489 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
Toward Enhancing the Rigor of Causal-Inference Studies.
Karp I. Karp I. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019 May;16(5):645-646. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201901-027LE. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019. PMID: 30742540 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

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Control of Confounding and Reporting of Results in Causal Inference Studies. Guidance for Authors from Editors of Respiratory, Sleep, and Critical Care Journals

Affiliations

Control of Confounding and Reporting of Results in Causal Inference Studies. Guidance for Authors from Editors of Respiratory, Sleep, and Critical Care Journals

Authors

Affiliations

Erratum in

Comment in

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

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