Evolution of surgical techniques in the management of vertebral body tumours and the current status

Abstract

Primary vertebral body tumours constitute only about 5% of skeletal tumours. Their morbidity is high due to instability and neurological deficits related to the spine. The complex anatomy further highlights the expertise needed in their management. A multidisciplinary management has heralded tremendous improvements in the treatment of primary vertebral body tumours. From incomplete resection with a high recurrence of these tumours in the early 20^th century, to the present day complete en-bloc excision of the tumours, guided by the well-established staging and classification systems, have been the significant changes brought about in the long course of treatment of these complex tumours. The overall results are better with radical excision in combination with adjuvant therapies. Complex and previously unimaginable surgical techniques are accomplished easily with a multi-disciplinary approach and with newer spinal instrumentation. Understanding of the evolution of surgical techniques and the prevalent classifications are essential in the surgical management of vertebral body tumours.

Keywords: Enneking staging; Vertebral body tumour; Weinstein-Boriani-Biagini classification; vertebrectomy.