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. 2018 Sep 4:10:1147-1154.
doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S163493. eCollection 2018.

Prevalent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease in people with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis

Chien Tai Hong  1   2 , Han-Hwa Hu  1   2 , Lung Chan #  1   2 , Chyi-Huey Bai #  3   4
Affiliations

Prevalent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease in people with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis

Chien Tai Hong et al. Clin Epidemiol. .

Abstract

Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PwP) are speculated to be at a low risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (CVD) because they have fewer vascular risk factors and lower smoking rate. However, emerging evidence suggests that PwP are at higher risk of CVD, which introduces controversy to the notion that there is no association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and CVD. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the risk of CVD in PwP.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched using terms related to PD and CVD. Articles were included in the meta-analysis only if they employed clear diagnostic criteria for PD and CVD. The reference lists of the relevant articles were reviewed to identify eligible studies not found during the keyword search.

Results: The enrolled studies were categorized into case-control and cohort studies, and the former was further divided into postmortem (three) and clinical (four) studies. In the clinical case-control studies group, PD was more associated with CVD (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.36-6.13). Three studies were enrolled in the cohort studies group, and the merged results demonstrated that PwP were at higher risk of CVD during the follow-up period (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.34-2.54).

Conclusion: PD is associated with CVD, which may be due to the shared pathogeneses between the two diseases or PD-related effects. PwP should be more aware of the risk of CVD despite having fewer traditional vascular risk factors.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; cardiovascular disease; case-control; cerebral multimorbidity; cerebrovascular disease; cohort; meta-analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of literature search. (A) Case–control studies. (B) Cohort studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Forest plot illustrating the risk of cerebrovascular disease/CVD among PwP from clinical case–control studies. (B) Forest plot illustrating the risk of cerebral infarcts among PwP from clinical postmortem case–control studies. Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; PwP, people with Parkinson’s disease; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot illustrating the risk of cerebrovascular disease/CVD among PwP from cohort studies. Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; PwP, people with Parkinson’s disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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