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. 2018 Sep 5:9:1257.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01257. eCollection 2018.

Combinations of Abiotic Factors Differentially Alter Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Five Woody Plant Species in the Boreal-Temperate Transition Zone

John L Berini  1   2 , Stephen A Brockman  3 , Adrian D Hegeman  3 , Peter B Reich  2   4   5 , Ranjan Muthukrishnan  6 , Rebecca A Montgomery  2   4 , James D Forester  2   6
Affiliations

Combinations of Abiotic Factors Differentially Alter Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Five Woody Plant Species in the Boreal-Temperate Transition Zone

John L Berini et al. Front Plant Sci. .
No abstract available

Keywords: PSM diversity; balsam fir; beaked hazel; paper birch; phytochemical turnover; red maple; trembling aspen; untargeted metabolomics.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Location of observational sites and the B4WarmED Project at the University of Minnesota’s Cloquet Forestry Center. The number of replicate plots for each set of abiotic conditions is n = 3, and where only two can be seen for a given combination of abiotic factors (i.e., temperature + light conditions), locations are close enough in proximity that they appear to overlap when viewed at a broad scale. Inset map identifies the approximate location of the study area within the state of Minnesota and the boreal-temperate transition zone (Brandt, 2009).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots detailing the influence of moderate and high-temperature on PSM profiles of (A) balsam fir and (B) paper birch in closed overstory. Ellipses represent 95% confidence intervals, based on standard error. In balsam fir, both warming treatments exhibit less overlap with each other than with ambient. In paper birch, different temperatures lead to distinct profiles when compared to each other and ambient.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots detailing the influence of elevated temperature and drought on PSM profiles of (A) balsam fir, (B) red maple, (C) paper birch, and (D) trembling aspen in open overstory. Ellipses represent 95% confidence intervals, based on standard error. There appears to be no discernible pattern between sets of abiotic factors and PSM profiles, regardless of species.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots detailing the influence of varying light and temperature conditions on PSM profiles of (A) balsam fir, (B) paper birch, (C) beaked hazel, and (D) trembling aspen. Ellipses represent 95% confidence intervals, based on standard error. Each species appears to respond to different abiotic conditions in a unique manner. Balsam fir appears to create unique PSM profiles in high-light conditions when compared to our reference group (closed canopy, low temperature), while paper birch and trembling aspen appear to have distinct PSM profiles for each set of conditions. Beaked hazel exhibits no discernible pattern.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Relative change in abundance (%) for specific PSM compounds when compared to our reference treatment for Year 1 (ambient temperature) for (A) balsam fir and (B) paper birch in closed overstory. Neither resin acid in balsam fir was influenced by warming. In paper birch, both catechin and terpene acid declined with warming relative to ambient. Error bars represent the 95% boot-strapped confidence intervals and relative abundances significantly different than those found in the baseline treatment are identified by an asterisk (∗).
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Relative change in abundance (%) for specific PSM compounds when compared to our baseline treatment for Year 2 (ambient temperature, ambient precipitation) for (A) balsam fir and (B) paper birch in open overstory. Neither resin acid in balsam fir was influenced by warming. In paper birch, relative abundance of catechin was not influenced by temperature; however, terpene acid was undetected. Error bars represent the 95% boot-strapped confidence intervals.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Relative change in abundance (%) for specific PSM compounds when compared to our baseline treatment for Year 3 (cold region, closed overstory) for (A) balsam fir and (B) paper birch. Neither resin acid in balsam fir was influenced by warming. In paper birch, relative abundance of catechin was only influenced by the combination of light and high temperatures, increasing by more than 250%. Terpene acid was unaffected, regardless of stress condition. Error bars represent the 95% boot-strapped confidence intervals and relative abundances significantly different than those found in the reference condition are identified by an asterisk (∗).
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