The effect of periodic energy restriction on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and meat quality in sheep

Abstract

Energy is a key factor regulated by the neuroendocrine system. The objective of this study was to compare growth performance, serum biochemical indices, carcass traits, meat quality, and nutrient composition of lambs fed restricted metabolizable energy (ME) intakes to mimic the seasonal changes of the natural grasslands of northwest China. Nineteen male Dorper × Small Tailed Han lambs were assigned to treatments, control (CON) fed at 1.0 MJ/W0.75 × d-1 throughout the 180 d study, and restricted ME (RES) fed by sequentially restricting ME every 30 d (0.56, 0.84, 1.0, 0.84, 0.56, and 0.28 MJ/W0.75 × d-1). Lambs were harvested at the end of the study. Lambs fed the CON diet demonstrated higher (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) compared with RES-fed lambs (158.79 and 57.01 g/d, for CON and RES, respectively), although ADG were lower in each period with the last period being a negative ADG for RES-fed lambs resulting in a loss of body weight. Both treatments demonstrated lower ADG in the last 3 study periods compared with the first 2 periods, which may be explained by cold stress (<-3 °C) increasing the lamb's energy requirement. Feeding lambs a restricted ME diet resulted in lower (P < 0.05) blood serum glucose, triglycerides, total protein, calcium, phosphorus, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin A concentrations compared with CON-fed lambs, but both treatments were similar (P > 0.05) for cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Feeding lambs a restricted ME diet increased (P < 0.05) meat pH, while reducing the cooked meat rate compared with CON-fed lambs. Thus, the carcass yield, rib eye muscle area, and shear force were lower (P < 0.05) for RES-fed lambs compared with CON-fed lambs. The meat water concentration was higher (P < 0.05), whereas the concentrations of dry matter, crude fat, crude protein, and carbohydrate were lower (P < 0.05) for lambs fed a RES ME diet compared to CON-fed lambs. These results demonstrate that sequentially restricting ME intake, as natural grasslands might experience during seasonal forage quality and quantity changes, resulted in a reduction of body weight because lambs were mobilizing body reserves as a source of ME. The reduction in concentrations of key serum nutrients, as well as carcass traits and meat composition, demonstrate the body is responding to the meet the lambs ME requirements, which has implications for both meat quality and the animal's physiological functions.

Figure 1.

The average daily gain and body weight for lambs fedat Control (C) or restricted (RES) metabolizable energy intakes.

Figure 2.

Serum Ca and P concentrations for lambs fed at Control (C) or restricted (RES) metabolizable energy intakes.

Figure 3.

Serum glucose (GLU) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations for lambs fed at Control (C) or restricted (RES) metabolizable energy intakes.

Figure 4.

Serum cholesterol (CHOL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations for lambs fed at Control (C) or restricted (RES) metabolizable energy intakes.

Figure 5.

Serum total protein (TP) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations for lambs fed at Control (C) or restricted (RES) metabolizable energy intakes.

Figure 6.

Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations for lambs fed at Control (C) or restricted (RES) metabolizable energy intakes.