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Review
. 2018 Sep 22;11(10):1802.
doi: 10.3390/ma11101802.

Oral Microbes, Biofilms and Their Role in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases

Jérôme Frédéric Lasserre  1 , Michel Christian Brecx  2 , Selena Toma  3
Affiliations
Review

Oral Microbes, Biofilms and Their Role in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases

Jérôme Frédéric Lasserre et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Despite many discoveries over the past 20 years regarding the etio-pathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases, as well as significant advances in our understanding of microbial biofilms, the incidence of these pathologies still continues to rise. This review presents a general overview of the main protagonists and phenomena involved in oral health and disease. A special emphasis on the role of certain keystone pathogens in periodontitis and peri-implantitis is underlined. Their capacity to bring a dysregulation of the homeostasis with their host and the microbial biofilm lifestyle are also discussed. Finally, the current treatment principles of periodontitis and peri-implantitis are presented and their limits exposed. This leads to realize that new strategies must be developed and studied to overcome the shortcomings of existing approaches.

Keywords: biofilms; oral bacteria; peri-implantitis; periodontitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Periodontal/peri-implant tissues in health and disease. In the diseased state, the dysbiotic oral biofilm (yellow) that accumulates on the tooth/implant surface is responsible for the destruction of the supporting tissues through unresolved inflammation. This leads to the formation of periodontal/peri-implant pockets.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intergeneric coaggregation among oral bacteria [64].
Figure 3
Figure 3
The ecological plaque hypothesis (Adapted from [69]).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic of the pathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases (PMNs: polymorphonuclear neutrophils; MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases; LPS: lipopolysaccharides). (Adapted from [75]).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The NF-κB model of bone resorption during periodontal and peri-implant diseases [25].
Figure 6
Figure 6
The four anti-biofilm strategies. (Adapted from [102]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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