Longitudinal morphometric analysis of dental arch of children with cleft lip and palate: 3D stereophotogrammetry study

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to perform a longitudinal morphometric analysis of the alterations of the maxillary dental arches in children with cleft lip and palate before and after primary lip and/or palate surgeries using a 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system.

Study design: The sample consisted of dental casts of 60 children with complete unilateral cleft lip (UCL) and complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Dental arches were evaluated before cheiloplasty (T1), after cheiloplasty (T2), and 1 year after palatoplasty (T3). Independent t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for intergroup comparisons, and paired t test, Wilcoxon's test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test, were used for intragroup comparisons.

Results: At T1, the intercanine and intertuberosity distances in the UCLP group were statistically greater than those in the UCL group. At T2, the maxillary dimensions significantly increased, except for the intertuberosity distance in UCL. Between T1 and T3, the intercanine distance and the anterior length decreased significantly, whereas the intertuberosity distance and the total length of the palate increased significantly.

Conclusions: Our results indicated that the primary lip surgery altered the development of dental arches, evidently in children with UCLP. The primary palate surgery interfered in the growth of the anterior palatal region in the UCLP group. Children with UCLP had more restricted development of the maxillary dental arch compared with children with UCL.