High frequency heart rate variability: Evidence for a transdiagnostic association with suicide ideation

Abstract

Low levels of high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) have been shown to be associated with suicidal ideation and behavior in students and depressed patients. The goal of the present study was to examine associations between suicide ideation and resting HF-HRV as well as HF-HRV reactivity in a diagnostically heterogeneous sample of adult outpatients with or without concurrent suicide ideation. Participants were N = 85 outpatients (67.1% female; age: M = 38.8, SD = 13.72). HF-HRV reactivity was assessed using a sad film induction method. Associations between resting HF-HRV, HF-HRV reactivity and suicide ideation were analyzed using linear regression modeling - controlling for depression, anxiety and stress. HF-HRV reactivity towards the sad film, but not low resting HF-HRV baseline, was predictive of higher scores on suicidal ideation within the whole sample. In women, lower resting as well as perturbed HF-HRV reactivity was associated with higher scores on suicidal ideation. Results suggest that suicide ideators have a reduced capacity to regulate their response to stress.

Keywords: Heart rate variability; Resting vagal tone; Self-regulation; Suicide ideation; Vagal withdrawal.