Use of Synthetic Peptides and Multiple Antigen Blot Assay in the Immunodiagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Abstract

Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is usually asymptomatic, therefore, early diagnosis is rare. It may remain undiagnosed in individuals who progress to chronic infection, often until serious liver damage has developed. To incorporate the diagnosis of this viral disease in a multiple-diagnostic assay, we first analyzed by immunoinformatics the HCV subtype 1a polyprotein (specifically Core, E2, NS3, NS5A proteins) to select antigenic peptides to be tested initially by the Pepscan technique. Next, we performed the immunodiagnosis of HCV infection, using the Multiple Antigen Blot Assay (MABA). In 22 patients' sera included in this study, a 20-mer linear peptide belonging to the N-terminus of the worldwide conserved Core protein showed 100% sensitivity and specificity; other sequences showed different levels of antibody recognition. The use of MABA in combination with synthetic peptides as a source of multiple, specific, and nonexpensive antigens for other infectious diseases could represent a rapid, integrated, and inexpensive diagnostic methodology.

Keywords: MABA; hepatitis C virus; immunodiagnosis; synthetic peptides.