Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with early tooth loss: results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V to VI

Abstract

Background/aims: To examine the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis or tooth loss.

Methods: The study used data from the fifth and sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted from 2010 to 2015. RA was defined as participant-reported physician-diagnosed RA that was being treated. Periodontitis and the number of natural teeth were determined by dental examination. Periodontitis was defined according to the community periodontal index (periodontal probing depth ≥ 4 mm). The association between RA and periodontitis or tooth loss was examined after controlling for confounding variables (e.g., age, smoking status, socioeconomic status, dental caries, frequency of toothbrushing, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and diabetes) in men and women. Subgroup analyses stratified by age were also performed.

Results: The study enrolled 20,297 participants aged ≥ 19 years (157 RA patients and 20,140 non-RA controls). There was no association between RA and periodontitis or tooth loss in men and women. Subgroup analyses in those aged < 60 years revealed a non-significant association between RA and periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.53; p = 0.162), but they revealed a significant association between RA and tooth loss (adjusted β, 0.20; p = 0.042).

Conclusion: RA was not associated with periodontitis, but was associated with tooth loss in younger adults. Younger RA patients are more likely to suffer tooth loss than general younger population; thus dental management is required.

Keywords: Arthritis, rheumatoid; Epidemiologic studies; Periodontal diseases; Periodontitis; Tooth loss.

Figure 1.

Flow chart showing the study design and populations. KNHANES, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.