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Review
. 2018 Sep 27;18(10):3249.
doi: 10.3390/s18103249.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a Cancer Biomarker and MMP-9 Biosensors: Recent Advances

Hao Huang  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a Cancer Biomarker and MMP-9 Biosensors: Recent Advances

Hao Huang. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

As one of the most widely investigated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-9 is a significant protease which plays vital roles in many biological processes. MMP-9 can cleave many extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to regulate ECM remodeling. It can also cleave many plasma surface proteins to release them from the cell surface. MMP-9 has been widely found to relate to the pathology of cancers, including but not limited to invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. Some recent research evaluated the value of MMP-9 as biomarkers to various specific cancers. Besides, recent research of MMP-9 biosensors discovered various novel MMP-9 biosensors to detect this enzyme. In this review, some recent advances in exploring MMP-9 as a biomarker in different cancers are summarized, and recent discoveries of novel MMP-9 biosensors are also presented.

Keywords: biomarker; biosensor; cancer detection; cancers; matrix metalloproteinase-9; matrix metalloproteinases.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of domain structures and motifs in MMP-9.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic illustration about targets of MMP-9 in extracellular environment.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Summary of biological functions of MMP-9 and some cancer-related processes involved MMP-9.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic illustration of a novel peptide-cleavage based electrochemical MMP-9 biosensor [119].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic illustration of a novel peptide-cleavage based MMP-9 biosensor [120].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic illustration of a novel cleavage-based FRET MMP-9 biosensor [121].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Schematic illustration of a MMP-9 biosensor based on nanotechnology [122].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Schematic illustration of a MMP-9 electrochemical immunosensor [124].
Figure 9
Figure 9
Schematic illustration of a novel aptamer-based MMP-9 biosensor [125].
Figure 10
Figure 10
Schematic illustration of a novel SPR-based biosensor of MMP-9 [126].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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