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. 2018 Feb 28;27(4):1023-1030.
doi: 10.1007/s10068-018-0344-y. eCollection 2018 Aug.

Glycerides isolated from the aerial parts of Malva verticillata cause immunomodulation effects via splenocyte function and NK anti-tumor activity

Jung-Hwan Ko  1 , Rodrigo Castaneda  1 , Sun-Woo Joo  1 , Hyoung-Geun Kim  1 , Yeong-Geun Lee  1 , Youn-Hyung Lee  2 , Tong Ho Kang  1 , Nam-In Baek  1
Affiliations

Glycerides isolated from the aerial parts of Malva verticillata cause immunomodulation effects via splenocyte function and NK anti-tumor activity

Jung-Hwan Ko et al. Food Sci Biotechnol. .

Abstract

A preliminary study revealed that a 10 µg/mL n-BuOH fraction of Malva verticillata aerial parts significantly enhanced splenocyte proliferation and induced significant enhancement of natural-killer (NK) cell activity against tumor cells (YAC-1). This study was initiated to identify the principal components that exhibited these activities, and four glycerides were isolated through repeated SiO2 and ODS column chromatography. Structures of compounds 1-4 were determined to be (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl glyceride, (2S)-1-O-stearoyl glyceride, (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl glyceride, and (2S)-1,2-di-O-linoleoyl glyceride, respectively. Compounds 1-3 showed potential immune-enhancing activity in murine splenocyte and natural-killer (NK) cells at 10 µM. In contrast, compound 4 showed weak activity, indicating the monoacyl glycerides (1-3) are more effective than diacyl glyceride (4). Also, the longer the carbon number of the fatty acid in monoacyl glyceride, the better the activity, and the monoacyl glyceride including an unsaturated fatty acid (3) is more effective than the glycerides including the saturated fatty acids (1-2).

Keywords: Glyceride; Immunotherapy; Malva verticillata; Natural killer cells; Splenocyte.

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Conflict of interest statement

Compliance with ethical standardsThe authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Strutures of compounds 1–4 isolated from the aerial parts of M. verticillata. 1: (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl glyceride, 2: (2S)-1-O-stearoyl glyceride, 3: (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl glyceride, 4: (2S)-1,2-di-O-linoleoyl glyceride
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The effect of M. verticillata fractions and compounds 1–4 on splenocyte proliferation. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001 indicate significant differences from normal group using one-way ANOVA). The results shown are representative of four independent experiments. MVE: the EtOAc fraction of M. verticillata aerial parts, MVB: the n-BuOH fraction of M. verticillata aerial parts, MVW: the H2O fraction of M. verticillata aerial parts. 1: (2S)-1-O-palmitoyl glyceride, 2: (2S)-1-O-stearoyl glyceride, 3: (2S)-1-O-linolenoyl glyceride, 4: (2S)-1,2-di-O-linoleoyl glyceride
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The effect of M. verticillata fractions and compounds 1–4 on the NK cell activity (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001). The results shown are representative of four independent experiments. MVE: the EtOAc fraction of M. verticillata aerial parts, MVB: the n-BuOH fraction of M. verticillata aerial parts, MVW: the H2O fraction of M. verticillata aerial parts
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