Current Status of Inotropes in Heart Failure

Abstract

Inotropes are medications that improve the contractility of the heart and are used in patients with low cardiac output or evidence of end-organ dysfunction. Since their initial discovery, inotropes have held promise in alleviating symptoms and potentially increasing longevity in such patients. Decades of intensive study have further elucidated the benefits and risks of using inotropes. In this article, the authors discuss the history of inotropes, their indications, mechanism of action, and current guidelines pertaining to their use in heart failure. The authors provide insight into their appropriate use and related shortcomings and the practical aspects of inotrope use.

Keywords: Cardiogenic; Dobutamine; Dopamine; Heart failure; Inotropes; Milrinone; Palliative care; Shock.