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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2018 Nov:108:90-95.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.09.009. Epub 2018 Sep 14.

Clinical impact of rapid molecular detection of respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory infection

M Echavarría  1 , D N Marcone  2 , M Querci  3 , A Seoane  4 , M Ypas  4 , C Videla  5 , C O'Farrell  6 , S Vidaurreta  7 , J Ekstrom  7 , G Carballal  2
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical impact of rapid molecular detection of respiratory pathogens in patients with acute respiratory infection

M Echavarría et al. J Clin Virol. 2018 Nov.

Abstract

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a need to demonstrate the clinical impact of using the new, rapid and sensitive molecular assays in prospectively designed studies.

Objectives: To study the impact on medical management of a rapid molecular assay in patients with respiratory infections.

Study design: A prospective, randomized, non-blinded study was performed in patients presenting to the Emergency Department during two respiratory seasons (2016-2017). Diagnosis was performed by FilmArray Respiratory Panel (FilmArray-RP) or by immunofluorescence assay (IFA).

Results: A total of 432 patients (156 children and 276 adults) were analyzed. Diagnosis with FilmArray-RP was associated with significant changes in medical management including withholding antibiotic prescriptions (OR:15.52, 95%CI:1.99-120.83 in adults and OR:12.23, 95%CI:1.56-96.09 in children), and reduction in complementary studies in children (OR:9.64, 95%CI:2.13-43.63) compared to IFA. Decrease in oseltamivir prescriptions was significantly higher in adults in the FilmArray-RP group (p = 0.042; OR:1.19, 95%CI:0.51-2.79) compared to adults managed with IFA. Diagnostic yield was significantly higher by FilmArray-RP (81%) than by IFA (31%)(p < 0.001). The median time from sample collection to reporting was 1 h 52 min by FilmArray-RP and 26 h by IFA (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The high respiratory viruses' detection rate and availability of results within two hours when using FilmArray-RP were associated with decreases in antibiotic prescriptions and complementary studies and more accurate use of oseltamivir.

Keywords: Antibiotics; Clinical impact; FilmArray; Multiplex PCR; Oseltamivir; Respiratory infections.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of positive results by age and diagnostic method.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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