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. 2018 Sep 29;23(10):2497.
doi: 10.3390/molecules23102497.

Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Characterization of Senecio clivicolus Wedd

Immacolata Faraone  1 , Dilip K Rai  2 , Lucia Chiummiento  3 , Eloy Fernandez  4 , Alka Choudhary  5 , Flavio Prinzo  6 , Luigi Milella  7
Affiliations

Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Characterization of Senecio clivicolus Wedd

Immacolata Faraone et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Antioxidant phytochemicals play a key role in oxidative stress control and in the prevention of related disorders, such as premature aging, degenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antioxidant activity and the phytochemical profile of Senecio clivicolus Wedd., a perennial shrub, belonging to the Asteraceae family. Despite the wide interest of this family, this specie has not been investigated yet. S. clivicolus aerial parts were extracted with 96% ethanol. Then, the ethanol extract was fractionated by liquid/liquid extraction using an increasing solvents polarity. Total polyphenol and terpenoid contents were measured. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by six different complementary in vitro assays. The Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI) was used to compare data obtained by different tests. The sample showing the highest RACI was subjected to characterization and quantitation of its phenolic composition using LC-MS/MS analysis. The ethyl acetate fraction, investigated by LC-MS/MS analysis, showed 30 compounds, most of them are chlorogenic acid and flavonoid derivatives. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the evaluation of antioxidant activity and phytochemical profile of S. clivicolus, underlying the importance of this species as a source of health-promoting phytochemicals.

Keywords: Asteraceae; DPPH; RACI; Senecio clivicolus; UHPLC-MS/MS; beta-carotene bleaching; flavonoids; health-promoting compounds; phenolic characterization; polyphenols.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Extraction yields of S. clivicolus EtOH extract partitioned fractions. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of the triplicate experiments. Samples are crude ethanol extract (Sc EtOH), n-hexane fraction (ScH), chloroform fraction (ScC), ethyl acetate fraction (ScEA), n-butanol fraction (ScB), and water fraction (ScW).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Total polyphenolic content (TPC) and total terpenoids content (TTeC). Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation in mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dried sample (mg GAE/g), and in mg of linalool equivalents per gram of dried sample (mg LE/g). In each tests, the values with the same letter are not significant different at the p < 0.05 level, according to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Samples are crude ethanol extract (Sc EtOH), n-hexane fraction (ScH), chloroform fraction (ScC), ethyl acetate fraction (ScEA), n-butanol fraction (ScB), and water fraction (ScW).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI) of Senecio clivicolus samples. Samples are crude ethanol extract (Sc EtOH), n-hexane fraction (ScH), chloroform fraction (ScC), ethyl acetate fraction (ScEA), n-butanol fraction (ScB), and water fraction (ScW).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Ethyl acetate fraction Senecio clivicolus base peak intensity chromatogram (BPI).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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