Primary cementless total knee arthroplasty with or without stem extension: a matched comparative study of ninety eight standard stems versus ninety eight long stems after more than ten years of follow-up

Abstract

Introduction: Using a cementless fixation for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. We hypothesized that cementless tibial base plate with a monoblock long stem (MLS) would provide secure tibial alignment and stable fixation when bone conditions were considered as poor for a cementless fixation. The purpose of this study was to compare the mean eight year survivorship of cementless standard keels (SK) vs cementless MLS.

Material methods: We report a matched series of 98 cases of SK and 98 cases of MLS in patients with poor bone conditions. The two cohorts were statistically compared. Revision for tibial loosening was used as the endpoint in the survivorship analysis.

Results: We recorded two cases of tibial loosening and three cases of bipolar loosening in the SK group (0% MLS vs 5% SK). No tibial loosening occurred in the MLS group (statistically significant). No tibial periprosthetic or intra-operative fractures occurred in either group. The survivorship at eight years of follow-up was 95.6% in the SS cohort vs 100% in the MLS cohort using revision for tibial loosening as the endpoint.

Discussion: This study was not randomized. Its strength was that it took into account the comparative midterm outcomes of a matched cohort of patients implanted with two types of cementless components in the same bone conditions. We did not record any tibial loosening in the MLS group. Using long stems has been criticized but we did not observe any adverse reactions and no intra-operative tibial fracture occurred.

Conclusion: MLS improves the alignment and fixation of cementless TKA. This is a safe solution when bone conditions are poor or modified by previous surgery.

Keywords: Cementless total knee arthroplasty; Long stem; Poor bone conditions; Standard keel; Survivorship at eight years.