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. 2018 Oct 1;57(4):218-226.
doi: 10.2478/sjph-2018-0027. eCollection 2018 Dec.

Correlation between the DAI and ICON Indices used for Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment need in Croatian Schoolchildren

Renata Vidaković  1 , Stjepan Špalj  1 , Mladen Šlaj  1 , Martina Šlaj  1 , Višnja Katić  2
Affiliations

Correlation between the DAI and ICON Indices used for Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment need in Croatian Schoolchildren

Renata Vidaković et al. Zdr Varst. .

Abstract
in English, Slovenian

Introduction: The aims were: evaluation of the correlation between the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON); the assessment of orthodontic treatment need for schoolchildren in a population with two indices, separately for schoolchildren with mixed and permanent dentition; the estimation of the population share that could not receive orthodontic treatment because of the presence of caries and/or gingivitis.

Methods: A total of 2652 Zagreb school children (7 - 19 years old, 52.4% of them were females) completed a questionnaire regarding previous orthodontic treatment and the type of appliance used. Their oral cavity was also inspected. The DAI and ICON indices were used for the assessment of malocclusion prevalence.

Results: The subjects with mixed dentition had a greater need for orthodontic treatment, when compared to subjects with permanent dentition, when using the DAI index (p<0.001). When using the ICON index, 11.7% of subjects with mixed dentition had very severe malocclusion, as opposed to 5.8% of subjects with permanent dentition. The DAI and ICON scores correlated positively linearly (r=0.521; p<0.001). A higher prevalence of both gingivitis and caries was recorded more often in boys; caries more often in the group with the mixed dentition, and gingivitis in the group with permanent dentition (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The DAI and ICON indices have moderate agreement in assessment of malocclusion severity scores. One third of all schoolchildren with various degrees of both ICON and DAI indices have gingivitis, and half of them have caries.

Uvod: Cilji študije so: vrednotenje korelacije med indeksom estetskega videza zob (Dental Aesthetic Index, DAI) in indeksom zahtevnosti, izida in potrebe (Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need, ICON); vrednotenje potrebe po ortodontskem zdravljenju v populaciji šoloobveznih otrok z obema indeksoma, posamezna obravnava pri šoloobveznih otrocih z menjalnim in stalnim zobovjem; določanje deleža prebivalstva, ki ni prejela ortodontskega zdravljenja zaradi prisotnosti kariesa in/ali gingivitisa.

Metode: 2.552 učencev iz Zagreba (od 7. do 19. leta; od tega 52,4 % učenk) je izpolnilo vprašalnik o njihovem prejšnjem ortodontskem zdravljenju in vrsti zdravljenja, temu je sledil pregled ustne votline. Za vrednotenje razširjenosti malokluzije sta se uporabila indeksa DAI in ICON.

Rezultati: Učenci z menjalnim zobovjem imajo večjo potrebo po ortodontskem zdravljenju v primerjavi z učenci s stalnim zobovjem pri uporabi indeksa DAI (p<0,001). Pri uporabi indeksa ICON je imelo 11,7 % učencev z menjalnim zobovjem zelo resno in resno malokluzijo, učenci s stalnim zobovjem pa je 5,8 %. Rezultati indeksov DAI in ICON so medsebojno povezani pozitivno in linearno (r = 0,521; p < 0,001). Večja razširjenost gingivitisa in kariesa je zabeležena pogosteje pri fantih, karies pa bolj pogosto v skupini z menjalnim zobovjem, gingivitis pa v skupini s stalnim zobovjem (p < 0,05).

Zaključek: Indeksa DAI in ICON se zmerno ujemata pri rezultatih vrednotenja resnosti malokluzije. Glede na različne stopnje indeksov DAI in ICON ima ena tretjina šoloobveznih otrok gingivitis, polovica pa karies.

Keywords: DAI index; ICON index; malocclusion prevalence; mixed dentition; orthodontic treatment need; permanent dentition.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that no conflicts of interest exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The prediction equations for calculation of the ICON score via acquired DAI score, separately for mixed and permanent dentition.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of gingivitis and caries in the population, separately for schoolchildren in mixed and permanent dentition.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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