Therapeutic activity of sour orange albedo extract and abundant flavanones loaded silica nanoparticles against acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity

Abstract

The current research aims to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of sour orange albedo extract (SOAE) and two flavanones loaded-tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) using sol-gel technique, in adose100 mg/kg body weight taken orally or45 days against acrylamide (ACR)toxicity in rats. This was achieved through measuring the activities of specific biochemical parameters related to liver functions in tissue of ACR intoxicated rats as compared to normal one. Liver functions included alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers; superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde, MDA). Moreover, histological examination of liver was performed to confirm the biochemical findings. The present results clearly indicated disturbances in all biochemical parameters, such as increase in the liver function enzyme activities and MDA level. Results of ATPase enzyme activities revealed significant decrease in ACR intoxicated rats and liver biomarker enzymes declared significant decrease. On the other hand, treatment of intoxicated rats with the previous different nano-particles natural product demonstrated improvement in all biochemical parameters under investigation.

Keywords: Flavanones, acrylamide; Histopathology; Liver biochemical parameters; Nanocomposites; Sour orange albedo.

Graphical abstract

Fig. 1

Characteristic peaks of prepared nanomaterials.

Fig. 2

TEM, particle size and Zeta potential.

Fig. 3

Particle size and Zeta potential of SOEA extract, Hespertin and Naringenin.

Fig. 4

DPPH scavenging activity of the different selected nanomaterials.

Photo 1

Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of liver of normal control rats showed preserved (intact)lobular hepatic architecture and insignificant pathology changes(H&E, x200, x 400).

Photo 2

Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of liver of acrylamide intoxicated rats showed preserved (intact) lobular hepatic architecture and with mild lobular inflammation (yellow arrows), mild hydropic degeneration (red arrow) and thin fibrous tissue bands(black arrow) and congested blood vessels(green arrow) (H&E, x200).

Photo 3

Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of liver of control rats treated with nanoparticles of SOAE showed liver with preserved (intact) lobular hepatic architecture and insignificant pathology changes(H&E, x200,x 400).

Photo 4

Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of liver of control rats treated with nanoparticles of naringenin showed liver with preserved (intact) lobular hepatic architecture and insignificant pathology changes(H&E, x200,x 400).

Photo 5

Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of liver of control rats treated with nanoparticles of hesperetin showed liver with preserved (intact) lobular hepatic architecture and insignificant pathology changes(H&E, x200,x 400).

Photo 6

Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of liver of rats treated with nanoparticles of SOAE post-ACR administration showed liver with preserved (intact) lobular hepatic architecture and mild interlobular inflammation(black arrow)and blood congestion (yellow arrow), (H&E,x200,x400).

Photo 7

Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of liver of rats treated with nanoparticles of naringenin post-ACR administration showed liver with preserved (intact) lobular hepatic architecture and mild interlobular inflammation (black arrow) and sinusoidal congestion (red arrow), (H&E,x200,x400).

Photo 8

Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of liver of rats treated with nanoparticles of hesperetin post-ACR administration showed liver with preserved(intact)lobular hepatic architecture and mild interlobular inflammation (black arrow)and sinusoidal congestion (red arrow),(H&E,x200,x400).In addition, intoxicated rats treated with silymarin showed liver with preserved (intact)lobularhepatic architecture and insignificant pathological changes (Photo 9).

Photo 9

Hematoxylin and eosin stained section of liver of rats treated with silymarin post-ACR administration showed liver with preserved (intact) lobular hepatic architecture and insignificant pathology changes (H&E, x200,x 40).