The Effect of Prior Work Experiences on the Preparation and Employment of Early-Career Midwives

Abstract

Introduction: Strategic recruitment, preparation, distribution, and retention of US midwives requires a solid body of knowledge about midwives' education and workforce experiences. Although half of US midwifery education programs currently require or prefer prior registered nurse (RN) employment, data are lacking about whether and how these criteria influence efforts to scale up the workforce to meet reproductive care workforce shortages and maldistributions.

Methods: This cross-sectional research used an online survey, developed using the framework of Social Cognitive Career Theory. Early-career midwives were contacted through the American College of Nurse-Midwives electronic mailing list and social media during the fall of 2016. Statistical analysis allowed for linkage of data related to the following constructs: personal characteristics, prior RN employment, educational experiences, employment situations, career perceptions, and future plans.

Results: All participants (N = 244) were certified nurse-midwives. Compared with those without prior RN employment, midwives with prior RN employment were more likely to enroll part-time in distance programs and complete single majors or degrees. During enrollment, the 2 groups experienced the same degree of mentorship and cultural support and were similarly likely to attend 30 births and to pass the certification examination on first attempt. In the workforce, those with prior RN employment were 6 years older and more likely to work full-time. The 2 groups demonstrated no significant differences in their career perspectives or future career plans.

Discussion: Despite anecdotal concerns about training midwives who lack RN work experience, an individual without prior RN employment offers the workforce an employee who completes midwifery education at a younger age, may be educated more quickly, and is more likely to have earned a dual major or degree. Those with prior RN employment are more likely to work full-time. Both groups may offer benefits to education and the workforce.

Keywords: certification; employment; mentorship; midwifery education; midwifery statistics and numerical data; midwifery workforce; nurse-midwives; preceptors; self-efficacy.