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. 2018 Oct 8;3(4):111.
doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed3040111.

Low Praziquantel Treatment Coverage for Schistosoma mansoni in Mayuge District, Uganda, Due to the Absence of Treatment Opportunities, Rather Than Systematic Non-Compliance

Moses Adriko  1 , Christina L Faust  2 , Lauren V Carruthers  3 , Arinaitwe Moses  4 , Edridah M Tukahebwa  5 , Poppy H L Lamberton  6
Affiliations

Low Praziquantel Treatment Coverage for Schistosoma mansoni in Mayuge District, Uganda, Due to the Absence of Treatment Opportunities, Rather Than Systematic Non-Compliance

Moses Adriko et al. Trop Med Infect Dis. .

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends praziquantel mass drug administration (MDA) to control schistosomiasis in endemic regions. We aimed to quantify recent and lifetime praziquantel coverage, and reasons for non-treatment, at an individual level to guide policy recommendations to help Uganda reach WHO goals. Cross-sectional household surveys (n = 681) encompassing 3208 individuals (adults and children) were conducted in 2017 in Bugoto A and B, Mayuge District, Uganda. Participants were asked if they had received praziquantel during the recent MDA (October 2016) and whether they had ever received praziquantel in their lifetime. A multivariate logistic regression analysis with socio-economic and individual characteristics as covariates was used to determine factors associated with praziquantel uptake. In the MDA eligible population (≥5 years of age), the most recent MDA coverage was 48.8%. Across individuals' lifetimes, 31.8% of eligible and 49.5% of the entire population reported having never taken praziquantel. Factors that improved individuals' odds of taking praziquantel included school enrolment, residence in Bugoto B and increasing years of village-residency. Not being offered (49.2%) and being away during treatment (21.4%) were the most frequent reasons for not taking the 2016 praziquantel MDA. Contrary to expectations, chronically-untreated individuals were rarely systematic non-compliers, but more commonly not offered treatment.

Keywords: MDA coverage; Mayuge; S. mansoni; Uganda; praziquantel; systematic non-compliance; treatment-opportunities.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; nor in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Praziquantel treatment across lifetime. The proportion of individuals in each age class that recalled receiving praziquantel treatment in 2016 (dark blue), not in 2016, but at least once in their lifetime (light blue), or never (red) are shown. For the ease of visualizing data, individuals were grouped into age groups: children were classified into pre-school-aged children (pre-SAC) (0–5 years) and SAC (6–14 years), whereas individuals who were 15 years and older were classified either as young adults (15–19 years) or by decade. Bugoto A is shown on the left, whereas Bugoto B is on the right.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Reasons for not taking praziquantel in 2016. The proportion of individuals that reported a specific reason for not taking praziquantel is shown for both females (top) and males (bottom). For the ease of visualizing data, individuals were grouped into age groups: children were classified into pre-school-aged children (pre-SAC) (0–5 years) and SAC (6–14 years), whereas individuals who were 15 years and older were classified either as young adults (15–19 years) or by decade.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Multivariate analysis of socio-economic and individual factors that influence praziquantel uptake in the last year. Individuals were grouped into age groups: children were classified into pre-school-aged children (pre-SAC) (0–5 years) and SAC (6–14 years), whereas individuals who were 15 years and older were classified either as young adults (15–19 years) or by decade. The intercept represents an unenrolled SAC that resides in Bugoto A without a mosquito net and has lived in the village an intermediate time (5–9 years). Adjusted odds ratios are plotted on a log scale, with coloured dots indicating the estimate, and grey lines indicate 95% CI for each estimate.
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