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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2018 Oct 9;320(14):1455-1463.
doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.14618.

Effect of Targeted Polymyxin B Hemoperfusion on 28-Day Mortality in Patients With Septic Shock and Elevated Endotoxin Level: The EUPHRATES Randomized Clinical Trial

R Phillip Dellinger  1 , Sean M Bagshaw  2 , Massimo Antonelli  3 , Debra M Foster  4 , David J Klein  5 , John C Marshall  5 , Paul M Palevsky  6 , Lawrence S Weisberg  1 , Christa A Schorr  1 , Stephen Trzeciak  1 , Paul M Walker  4 ; EUPHRATES Trial Investigators
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Targeted Polymyxin B Hemoperfusion on 28-Day Mortality in Patients With Septic Shock and Elevated Endotoxin Level: The EUPHRATES Randomized Clinical Trial

R Phillip Dellinger et al. JAMA. .

Abstract

Importance: Polymyxin B hemoperfusion reduces blood endotoxin levels in sepsis. Endotoxin activity can be measured in blood with a rapid assay. Treating patients with septic shock and elevated endotoxin activity using polymyxin B hemoperfusion may improve clinical outcomes.

Objective: To test whether adding polymyxin B hemoperfusion to conventional medical therapy improves survival compared with conventional therapy alone among patients with septic shock and high endotoxin activity.

Design, setting, and participants: Multicenter, randomized clinical trial involving 450 adult critically ill patients with septic shock and an endotoxin activity assay level of 0.60 or higher enrolled between September 2010 and June 2016 at 55 tertiary hospitals in North America. Last follow-up was June 2017.

Interventions: Two polymyxin B hemoperfusion treatments (90-120 minutes) plus standard therapy completed within 24 hours of enrollment (n = 224 patients) or sham hemoperfusion plus standard therapy (n = 226 patients).

Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was mortality at 28 days among all patients randomized (all participants) and among patients randomized with a multiple organ dysfunction score (MODS) of more than 9.

Results: Among 450 eligible enrolled patients (mean age, 59.8 years; 177 [39.3%] women; mean APACHE II score 29.4 [range, 0-71 with higher scores indicating greater severity), 449 (99.8%) completed the study. Polymyxin B hemoperfusion was not associated with a significant difference in mortality at 28 days among all participants (treatment group, 84 of 223 [37.7%] vs sham group 78 of 226 [34.5%]; risk difference [RD], 3.2%; 95% CI, -5.7% to 12.0%; relative risk [RR], 1.09; 95% CI, 0.85-1.39; P = .49) or in the population with a MODS of more than 9 (treatment group, 65 of 146 [44.5%] vs sham, 65 of 148 [43.9%]; RD, 0.6%; 95% CI, -10.8% to 11.9%; RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.78-1.31; P = .92). Overall, 264 serious adverse events were reported (65.1% treatment group vs 57.3% sham group). The most frequent serious adverse events were worsening of sepsis (10.8% treatment group vs 9.1% sham group) and worsening of septic shock (6.6% treatment group vs 7.7% sham group).

Conclusions and relevance: Among patients with septic shock and high endotoxin activity, polymyxin B hemoperfusion treatment plus conventional medical therapy compared with sham treatment plus conventional medical therapy did not reduce mortality at 28 days.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01046669.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Dr Bagshaw is supported by a Canada Research Chair in Critical Care Nephrology and reported receiving personal fees from Baxter Healthcare Corp. Dr Antonelli reported receiving grant support from General Electric and Pfizer and personal fees from Orion, Fresenius, and Air liquide. Dr Marshall reported receiving personal fees for serving on the data safety and monitoring committee of AKPA and serving on the advisory board of Baxter. Ms Foster and Dr Walker are employees of the study sponsor, Spectral Medical Inc. Dr Klein has been a paid consultant for Spectral Medical Inc. Cooper University Hospital received research funding for the EUPHRATES trial and consultant reimbursement for the contributions to the trial of Dr Dellinger, Schorr, Trzeciak, and Weisberg. No other disclosures were reported.

Figures

Figure.
Figure.. Patient Recruitment, Randomization, and Flow of the Study
aOne patient was lost to follow-up after randomization. bProtocol adjusted following interim analysis to enroll only patients with very high severity of illness based on a Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score of more than 9. cPrimary analyses also included all participants randomized in the study (223 in the polymyxin B hemoperfusion group). dPrimary analyses also included all participants randomized in the study (226 in the sham hemoperfusion group).
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Comment in

References

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