Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 as an Inflammatory and Prevention Biomarker in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases

Abstract

Levels of and especially the degree of activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) in oral fluids (i.e., saliva, mouth rinse, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implantitis sulcular fluid (PISF)) increase to pathologically elevated levels in the periodontal and peri-implant diseases. This study aimed at collecting and collating data from previously published studies and determining whether active MMP-8 (aMMP-8) could serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The literature search identified a total of 284 articles. Out of 284 articles, 61 articles were found to be relevant. Data obtained from the selected studies were combined, and it indicated that aMMP-8 in oral fluids exerts the strong potential to serve as a useful adjunctive diagnostic and preventive biotechnological tool in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. aMMP-8 can be used alone or in combination with other proinflammatory and/or microbiological biomarkers.

Figure 1

Periodontitis (a) results based on PerioSafe®-mouth-rinse test: two chronic periodontitis patients (1) and (3) before and (2) and (4) after nonsurgical periodontal treatment, scaling, and root planning (SRP). The appearance of two lines (>20 ng/ml) pointed by arrows in the figure is a considered positive test which indicates elevated risk for periodontitis. The appearance of only one line indicates successful test performance and no risk for periodontitis (aMMP-8 < 20 ng/ml) after SRP treatment. Peri-implantitis (b) results based on ImplantSafe®-PISF-strip-test; two peri-implantitis patients (1) and (3) before and (2) and (4) after peri-implantitis treatment (plastic scaling, oral hygiene instructions, and use of chlorhexidine). Two lines in the result window indicate elevated aMMP-8 in PISF and increased risk for peri-implantitis. The appearance of a single line indicates successful test performance, low aMMP-8 in PISF, and no risk for peri-implantitis after treatment [78, 84].