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Review
. 2018 Oct;29 Suppl 18(Suppl Suppl 18):100-123.
doi: 10.1111/clr.13264.

How do peri-implant biologic parameters correspond with implant survival and peri-implantitis? A critical review

Ron Doornewaard  1 , Wolfgang Jacquet  1   2   3 , Jan Cosyn  1   2 , Hugo De Bruyn  1   4
Affiliations
Review

How do peri-implant biologic parameters correspond with implant survival and peri-implantitis? A critical review

Ron Doornewaard et al. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2018 Oct.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this critical review was to evaluate whether commonly used biologic diagnostic parameters correspond to implant survival and peri-implantitis prevalence.

Materials and methods: Publications from 2011 to 2017 were selected by an electronic search using the Pubmed database of the US National Library of Medicine. Prospective and retrospective studies with a mean follow-up time of at least 5 years and reporting prevalence of peri-implantitis as well as mean bone loss and standard deviation were selected. The correlation between reported prevalence of peri-implantitis and reported implant survival, mean follow-up time, mean bone loss, mean probing depth, and mean bleeding on probing was calculated. Mean bone loss and standard deviation were used for estimation of proportion of implants with bone loss exceeding 1, 2, and 3 mm.

Results: Full-text analysis was performed for 255 papers from 4,173 available ones, and 41 met all the inclusion criteria. The overall mean weighted survival rate was 96.9% (89.9%-100%) and the reported prevalence of peri-implantitis ranged between 0% and 39.7%, based on 15 different case definitions. The overall weighted bone loss was 1.1 mm based on 8,182 implants and an average mean loading time ranging from 5 to 20 years. No correlation was found between mean bone loss and the reported prevalence of peri-implantitis. The estimated prevalence of implants with bone loss above 2 mm was 23%. The overall weighted mean probing depth was 3.3 mm, and mean weighted bleeding was 52.2%. Only a weak correlation was found between survival and function time (r = -0.49). There was no relation between the probing depth or bleeding and the mean bone loss, mean follow-up time, and reported prevalence of peri-implantitis.

Conclusion: Biologic parameters mean probing depth and mean bleeding on probing do not correlate with mean bone loss and this irrespective of follow-up. Case definition for peri-implantitis varied significantly between studies indicating that an unambiguous definition based on a specified threshold for bone loss is not agreed upon in the literature.

Keywords: Peri-implantitis; bone loss; diagnosis; implant success; implant survival; review.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean bone loss (mm) in relation to the mean follow‐up time (years) of the treatment groups; the size of the bullets reflects the number of implants reported in the treatment group
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean bone loss (mm) per treatment group and estimated proportion of implants with bone loss above 1, 2, and 3 mm. (green = retrospective study design; red = prospective study design)
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Mean bone loss (mm) in relation to the reported prevalence of peri‐implantitis (%); r = −0.07 (negligible correlation). (b) Mean bone loss (mm) in relation to probing pocket depth (mm); r = −0.15 (negligible correlation). (C) Mean bone loss (mm) in relation to bleeding on probing (%): r = −0.06 (negligible correlation); the size of the bullets reflects the number of implants reported in the treatment group; the number in the bullets refers to the article number provided in Table 1
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Reported prevalence of peri‐implantitis (%) in relation to mean probing pocket depth (mm): r = −0.11 (negligible correlation). (b) Reported prevalence of peri‐implantitis (%) in relation to bleeding on probing (%): r = 0.45 (strong correlation); the size of the bullets reflects the number of implants reported in the treatment group; the number in the bullets refers to the article number provided in Table 1
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Mean follow‐up time (years) in relation to survival rate (%): r = 0.49 (strong correlation). (b) Mean follow‐up time (years) in relation to probing pocket depth (mm): r = −0.27 (weak correlation). (c) Mean follow‐up time (years) in relation to bleeding on probing (%): r = −0.06 (negligible correlation); the size of the bullets reflects the number of implants reported in the treatment group
Figure 6
Figure 6
Number of publications per year from the search string applied in this systematic review
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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