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. 2018 Nov 1:192:309-315.
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.022. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Oxytocin receptor gene methylation and substance use problems among young African American men

Steven M Kogan  1 , Junhan Cho  2 , Steven R H Beach  3 , Alicia K Smith  4 , Shota Nishitani  5
Affiliations

Oxytocin receptor gene methylation and substance use problems among young African American men

Steven M Kogan et al. Drug Alcohol Depend. .

Abstract

Background: Stressful or supportive social environments promote biological changes with regulatory implications for future relationships and substance abuse. Recent research suggests links between adverse social environments, prosocial relationships, methylation at the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), and substance abuse. The potential for OXTR methylation to act as the mechanism linking social environments to substance abuse has yet to be investigated. We hypothesized that, for young African American men, childhood adversity increases, and supportive, prosocial bonds with parents, peers, partners, and community mentors decrease OXTR methylation levels, which in turn predict increases in substance-related symptoms.

Methods: A sample of 358 rural African American men (age 19 at baseline) provided self-report data at three time points separated by 18 months and a genetic specimen at Time 2.

Results: Early adversity was associated with OXTR methylation indirectly via contemporary prosocial relationships. OXTR methylation was a proximal predictor of changes in substance-related symptoms. We found no evidence for a direct association of self-reported childhood trauma with OXTR methylation status.

Conclusions: Findings suggest that OXTR methylation is linked to substance use symptomatology, ostensibly resulting in increased expression of oxytocin (OT) in peripheral and central nervous systems. OXTR may act as a mechanism to explain how prosocial ties deter substance abuse and related problems. Despite conjectures in the literature that early adversity may become physiologically embedded via methylation in the OT system, direct effects were not evident. Rather, early adversity may affect OXTR methylation via influence on contemporary prosocial relationships.

Keywords: African American men; DNA; Life stress; Oxytocin; Social environment; Substance abuse.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

No conflict declared

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Overview of OXTR and methylation sites
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Methylation levels of each OXTR CpG site
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Model Specification and Hypothesized Effects
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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