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. 2019 Aug;103(8):1066-1071.
doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312385. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Clinical effectiveness of the Manchester Glaucoma Enhanced Referral Scheme

Patrick J G Gunn  1   2 , Joanne R Marks  3 , Evgenia Konstantakopoulou  4   5   6 , David F Edgar  4 , John G Lawrenson  4 , Stephen A Roberts  7 , Anne F Spencer  3 , Cecilia H Fenerty  3 , Robert A Harper  3   2   4
Affiliations

Clinical effectiveness of the Manchester Glaucoma Enhanced Referral Scheme

Patrick J G Gunn et al. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019 Aug.

Abstract

Background: Glaucoma referral filtering schemes have operated in the UK for many years. However, there is a paucity of data on the false-negative (FN) rate. This study evaluated the clinical effectiveness of the Manchester Glaucoma Enhanced Referral Scheme (GERS), estimating both the false-positive (FP) and FN rates.

Method: Outcome data were collected for patients newly referred through GERS and assessed in 'usual-care' clinics to determine the FP rate (referred patients subsequently discharged at their first visit). For the FN rate, glaucoma suspects deemed not requiring referral following GERS assessment were invited to attend for a 'reference standard' examination including all elements of assessment recommended by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) by a glaucoma specialist optometrist. A separate 33 cases comprising randomly selected referred and non-referred cases were reviewed independently by two glaucoma specialist consultant ophthalmologists to validate the reference standard assessment.

Results: 1404 patients were evaluated in GERS during the study period; 651 (46.3%) were referred to the Hospital Eye Service (HES) and 753 (53.6%) were discharged. The FP rate in 307 assessable patients referred to the HES was 15.5%. This study reviewed 131 (17.4%) of those patients not referred to the HES through the GERS scheme; 117 (89.3%) were confirmed as not requiring hospital follow-up; 14 (10.7%) required follow-up, including 5 (3.8%) offered treatment. Only one patient (0.8%) in this sample met the GERS referral criteria and was not referred (true FN). There were no cases of missed glaucoma or non-glaucomatous pathology identified within our sample.

Conclusion: The Manchester GERS is an effective glaucoma filtering scheme with a low FP and FN rate.

Keywords: glaucoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Manchester pathways for non-GERS (A) and GERS ((B) for patients identified as glaucoma suspects following a routine primary care eye examination. GERS, Glaucoma Enhanced Referral Scheme; GP, general practitioner.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Patient flow chart for recruitment of patients. GERS, Glaucoma Enhanced Referral Scheme.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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