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. 2018 Sep;82(7):6326.
doi: 10.5688/ajpe6326.

APPE Evaluations are Positively Associated with MMI, Pre-pharmacy GPA and Pharmacy GPA

Seth D Heldenbrand  1 , Lindsey E Dayer  1 , Bradley C Martin  1 , Catherine O'Brien  1 , Angie N Choi  1 , Paul O Gubbins  2 , Janna Hawthorne  1 , Morgan Ramey  1 , Kelsey Willis  1 , Schwanda K Flowers  1
Affiliations

APPE Evaluations are Positively Associated with MMI, Pre-pharmacy GPA and Pharmacy GPA

Seth D Heldenbrand et al. Am J Pharm Educ. 2018 Sep.

Abstract

Objective. To determine factors associated with advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) performance in the pre-pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) curriculum and establish whether performance on the multiple mini interview (MMI) independently predicts APPE evaluation scores. Methods. A multi-case MMI has been used in the admissions process since 2008. Students are scored anywhere from 1 to 7 (unsatisfactory to outstanding) on each interview. Traditional factors (GPA, PCAT, etc.) are also used in the admissions determination. Pearson product-moment correlation and ordinary least squares regression were used to explore the relationships between admissions data, pharmacy GPA, and APPE evaluation scores for the graduating classes of 2011-2014. These analyses identified which factors (pharmacy GPA, PCAT, MMI score, age, gender, rurality, resident status, degree, and underrepresented minority status) related to APPE performance. Results. Students (n=432) had a mean APPE score of 4.6; a mean MMI score of 5.5; mean pharmacy GPA, PCAT and age of 3.14, 73.2, 22.6 years, respectively. Pre-pharmacy GPA and pharmacy GPA positively correlated with mean APPE scores. MMI score demonstrated positive correlations with overall APPE score; including subcategories patient care, documentation, drug information/EBM, public health, and communication. MMI scores were positively related to overall APPE scores in the multivariable regression. Variables showing negative associations with APPE scores included a pre-pharmacy GPA of <3.0 (ref= GPA >3.5) and pharmacy school GPA of >3.0 - 3.5 and GPA 2.6 - 3.0 when compared to GPAs >3.5. Conclusion. GPA (pre-pharmacy and pharmacy) and MMI positively correlate with preceptor-rated performances in the APPE year.

Keywords: admissions; advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE); experiential education; multiple mini-interview (MMI); pharmacy GPA.

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