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Review
. 2018 Oct 4:13:5953-5969.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S163399. eCollection 2018.

A review of using green chemistry methods for biomaterials in tissue engineering

Hossein Jahangirian  1 , Ensieh Ghasemian Lemraski  2 , Roshanak Rafiee-Moghaddam  1 , Thomas J Webster  1
Affiliations
Review

A review of using green chemistry methods for biomaterials in tissue engineering

Hossein Jahangirian et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

Although environmentally safe, or green, technologies have revolutionized other fields (such as consumables, automobiles, etc.), its use in biomaterials is still at its infancy. However, in the few cases in which safe manufacturing technology and materials have been implemented to prevent postpollution and reduce the consumption of synthesized scaffold (such as bone, cartilage, blood cell, nerve, skin, and muscle) has had a significant impact on different applications of tissue engineering. In the present research, we report the use of biological materials as templates for preparing different kinds of tissues and the application of safe green methods in tissue engineering technology. These include green methods for bone and tissue engineering-based biomaterials, which have received the greatest amount of citations in recent years. Thoughts on what is needed for this field to grow are also critically included. In this paper, the impending applications of safe, ecofriendly materials and green methods in tissue engineering have been detailed.

Keywords: biomaterials; ecofriendly; green chemistry; nanomedicine; nanoparticle; safe material; scaffold; tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A–C) Preparation mechanism of green hybrid nHAP/CS/CSA/HA scaffolds. Data from Hu Y et al. Abbreviations: CS, chitosan; CSA, chondroitin sulfate; EDC, 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide; HA, hyaluronic acid; nHAP, nanohydroxyapatite; NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Synthesis of scaffolds based on chitosan, nHAP, and fucoidan. Data from Lowe B et al. Abbreviation: nHAP, nanohydroxyapatite.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanism of the nucleation and growth of HAP components. Data from Moeini S et al. Abbreviation: HAP, hydroxyapatite.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mechanism of the preparation of PLGA loaded with a nanodiamond phospholipid compound. Data from Zhang F et al. Abbreviations: NDs, nanodiamond; NDPC, ND-phospholipid compounds; PF, pure PLGA film; PL, phospholipids; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); UMND-PF10, PLGA film with unmodified ND.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic presentation of the synthesis of keratin-incorporated bacterial cellulose. Data from Keskin Z et al. Abbreviations: A. xylinum, Acetobacter xylinum; BC, bacterial cellulose.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic representation of the suggested mechanism for the treatment of skin scars. Data from Jeon EY et al. Abbreviations: ECM, extracellular matrix; MAP, microporous annealing particle.
Figure 7
Figure 7
A schematic representation of the synthesis of different hydrogel composites: (A) MeTro, and (B) GelMA, and (C and D) MeTro–GelMA–AMP; AMP, GelMA, and MeTro were added to a TEA (coinitiator) and VC (coinitiator) solution. Data from Annabi N et al. Abbreviations: AMP, antimicrobial peptide; DPBS, Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline; GelMA, gelatin methacryloyl; MeTro, methacryloyl-substituted tropoelastin; TEA, triethanolamine; VC, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Synthesis of bi-layered chitosan–gelatin composite using particulate leaching. Data from Badhe RV et al.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Mechanism of mussel-inspired conductive CS/GO nanofiber for tissue engineering. Data from Jing X et al. Abbreviations: APS, ammonium persulfate; CS, chitosan; GO, graphene oxide; PDA, polydopamine.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Schematic representation of the preparation method of coupling neurotrophin-3-overexpressing MSCs and PLGA microcarriers for PD treatment. Data from Moradian H et al. Abbreviations: BMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; MSCs, marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Schematic illustration of the preparation process of core–shell nanofibrous scaffolds for sciatic nerve regeneration. Data from Xia B et al. Abbreviations: NGF, nerve growth factor; PLLA, poly(l-lactic acid); VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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