Exploring, defining, and illustrating a concept: Structural and psychological empowerment in the workplace

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this concept analysis is to clarify the meaning and relationship of psychological and structural empowerment.

Background: Empowerment is linked to positive organizational and individual constructs and outcomes. Improving the work environment may assist in sustaining a fragile and essential workforce.

Design: Walker and Avant's method was used to guide an analysis of this concept.

Data source: Resources published from 1970 to 2018 were identified via electronic databases, empirical works, and modern operational usage of the terms.

Review methods: A literature review and search for concept maps were completed and analyzed to identify uses and definitions of the concept: attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents. It also includes identifying model, borderline, and contrary cases to differentiate empowerment from other related concepts.

Results: A comprehensive, inclusive review of empowerment must include both constructs, structural and psychological. A conceptual map of these akin constructs illustrates their syndication.

Conclusions: The concept of examining empowerment from both constructs, structural and psychological, is necessary to develop evidence-based practice strategies and improve the work environment and workforce.

Keywords: concept analysis; concept map; empowerment; psychological empowerment; structural empowerment; work environment; workforce.