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Review
. 2017 Jul 26;1(1):15-29.
doi: 10.3233/KCA-170006.

Therapeutic Sequencing in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Manuel Caitano Maia  1 , Nazli Dizman  1 , Meghan Salgia  1 , Sumanta Kumar Pal  1
Affiliations
Review

Therapeutic Sequencing in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Manuel Caitano Maia et al. Kidney Cancer. .

Abstract

The influx of multiple novel therapeutic options in the mRCC field has brought a challenge for treatment sequencing in this disease. In the past few years, cabozantinib, nivolumab and the combination of lenvatinib and everolimus have been approved in the second-line setting. As there is no direct comparison between these agents and the studies have failed to show improved benefit among a biomarker-selected patient population, appropriate patient selection based on clinical factors for individualized therapy is critical. Herein we provide a comprehensive overview of current data from each agent through the discussion of disease biology, clinical trials, potential biomarkers and distilling future perspectives in the field.

Keywords: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma; cabozantinib; everolimus; immunotherapy; lenvatinib; nivolumab; treatment.

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Figures

Fig.1
Fig.1
Renal cell carcinoma‘s disease biology: inactivated VHL gene leads to overexpression of HIF. Genes activated by HIF transcript growth factors such as VEGF, PDGF and FGF.
Fig.2
Fig.2
Suggested considerations when choosing the second-line agent in mRCC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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