The impact of tracheotomy timing in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials with trial sequential analysis

Abstract

Background: The optimal timing of tracheotomy in critically ill ventilated patients remains controversial.

Objectives: The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess tracheotomy timing for critically ill ventilated patients and determine the outcomes' reliability.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials.

Results: Compared with late tracheotomy, early tracheotomy presented a lower incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), and shorter intensive care unit (ICU) stay. However, trial sequential analysis (TSA), a kind of cumulative meta-analysis, indicated that the evidence was unreliable and inconclusive.

Conclusions: The Findings suggest that early tracheotomy seems to be associated with a lower incidence of VAP, shorter duration of MV, shorter duration of sedation, and shorter ICU stay. However, the apparent benefits revealed in traditional meta-analysis contrast with the post-TSA results. More fully powered, randomized controlled trials focused on the outcomes of tracheotomy are highly warranted.

Keywords: Critical illness; Early tracheotomy; Mechanical ventilation; Meta-analysis; Ventilator-associated pneumonia.