Automated recognition of cardiac arrhythmias using sparse decomposition over composite dictionary

Abstract

Background and objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Due to an increase in the rate of global mortalities, biopathological signal processing and evaluation are widely used in the ambulatory situations for healthcare applications. For decades, the processing of pathological electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for arrhythmia detection has been thoroughly studied for diagnosis of various cardiovascular diseases. Apart from these studies, efficient diagnosis of ECG signals remains a challenge in the clinical cardiovascular domain due to its non-stationary nature. The classical signal processing methods are widely employed to analyze the ECG signals, but they exhibit certain limitations and hence, are insufficient to achieve higher accuracy.

Methods: This study presents a novel technique for an efficient representation of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals using sparse decomposition using composite dictionary (CD). The dictionary consists of the stockwell, sine and cosine analytical functions. The technique decomposes an input ECG signal into stationary and non-stationary components or atoms. For each of these atoms, five features i.e., permutation entropy, energy, RR-interval, standard deviation and kurtosis are extracted to determine the feature sets representing the heartbeats that are classified into different categories using the multi-class least-square twin support vector machines. The artificial bee colony (ABC) technique is used to determine the optimal classifier parameters. The proposed method is evaluated under category and personalized schemes and its validation is performed on MIT-BIH data.

Results: The experimental results reported a higher overall accuracy of 99.21% and 90.08% in category and personalized schemes respectively than the existing techniques reported in the literature. Further a sensitivity, positive predictivity and F-score of 99.21% each in the category based scheme and 90.08% each in the personalized schemes respectively.

Conclusions: The proposed methodology can be utilized in computerized decision support systems to monitor different classes of cardiac arrhythmias with higher accuracy for early detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: Artificial bee colony; Composite dictionary; Electrocardiogram signal; Sparse decomposition; Twin support vector machines.