Curtailing parturition observation and performing preparturient cesarean section in bitches

Abstract

Properly planned elective cesarean section (CS) in bitches is considered safe and justified for some breeds. Therefore, planning a scheduled (fixed date and time) preparturient CS in bitches belonging to a subpopulation where a CS is unavoidable, seems justified. The first day of cytological diestrus (D0) was used to predict the date of parturition. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the mortality of puppies delivered by preparturient CS to those delivered by parturient CS, (2) determine the extent to which a preparturient CS (performed at 08:00 on D57, while the cervix is closed) would shorten gestation, (3) compare the level of progesterone at the time of preparturient CS to that at the time of parturient CS, (4) compare the change in hematocrit before and after CS for parturient- and preparturient CSs. Out of 99 gestations for which D0 was known and a preparturient CS planned, the CS was performed at the scheduled time in 61%, before the scheduled time because cervical dilatation had started in 32% and before the scheduled time in 7% because the bitches had started showing signs of impending parturition, although their cervices were still closed. This study showed high neonatal survival ratios and good Apgar scores after preparturient CS with 99% of puppies delivered by preparturient CS born alive and 98.8% surviving to 2 h. Performing preparturient CSs shortened gestation by four to 52 h. Progesterone level was significantly higher at the time of preparturient CSs than at the time of parturient CSs. Further studies are required to determine whether preparturient CSs on D57 are routinely safe in all breeds, does not affect long term survival of the puppies and to timeously identify bitches in which parturition starts prior to the date and time for the scheduled elective preparturient CS.

Keywords: Apgar scores; Bitch; Cesarean section; Preparturient; Progesterone; Puppy survival.