Keywords: American Academy of Orthopaedic (AAOS) Surgeons periprosthetic joint infection algorithm; adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR); alpha-defensin lateral flow test; chromium; cobalt; culture negative; culture-negative infections; dry tap; hip aspiration; hip aspiration contraindications; hip resurfacing; immunocompromised; infection workup; joint aspiration; joint lavage; knee aspiration; knee aspiration contraindications; leukocyte esterase (LE) strip test; metal on metal; metal on polyethylene; metal-on-metal bearings; modular neck femoral components; multiple arthroplasties; next-generation sequencing (NGS); painful total joint arthroplasty; periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) algorithm; point-of-care test; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); preoperative evaluation; prosthetic joint infection algorithm; rapid diagnostic tests; revision surgery; revision surgery workup; serum metal ion levels; sonication; validation.