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Review
. 2018 Jan-Dec:32:2058738418806413.
doi: 10.1177/2058738418806413.

Surgical treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children: Our experience and a narrative review

Sara Torretta  1   2 , Michele Gaffuri  2 , Tullio Ibba  2 , Pasquale Capaccio  2   3 , Paola Marchisio  2   4 , Antonella Maruca  2 , Samantha Bosis  2 , Lorenzo Pignataro  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Surgical treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children: Our experience and a narrative review

Sara Torretta et al. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2018 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis (NTML) accounts for about 95% of the cases of head-and-neck mycobacterial lymphadenitis, and its prevalence has been increasing in the Western world. The diagnostic work-up can be challenging, and differential diagnoses such as tuberculous and suppurative lymphadenitis need to be considered. It may, therefore, not be diagnosed until the disease is in a late stage, by which time it becomes locally destructive and is characterized by a chronically discharging sinus. The treatment options include a medical approach, a wait-and-see policy, and surgery, with the last being considered the treatment of choice despite the high risk of iatrogenic nerve lesions. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of pediatric, head-and-neck NTML based on the literature and our own experience, with particular emphasis on the impact and limitations of surgery.

Keywords: children; head and neck; lymphadenitis; non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis of the head and neck: stage II (a), stage III (b), and stage IV (c).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Intra-operative view of the strict anatomical relationship between stage IV non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis and the adjacent spinal accessory nerve (arrow).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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