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Schematic illustration of existing in vitro maturation strategies for stem cell-derived CMs. Biophysical…
Figure 1.
Schematic illustration of existing in vitro maturation strategies for stem cell-derived CMs. Biophysical methods (upper panel) include electrical stimulations (e.g., field stimulation and biowire), mechanical stretch (e.g., cyclic stretch and static stretch), and substrate modulation (e.g., stiffness and ligands). Biochemical methods (lower panel) include metabolic modulation (e.g., fatty acids and hormones), genetic manipulation (e.g., miRNA overexpression), and co-culture with other cell types (e.g., fibroblasts and endothelial cells).
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