Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018 Oct 26;123(10):1118-1120.
doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313816.

Atherosclerosis

Kouji Kobiyama  1 , Klaus Ley  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Atherosclerosis

Kouji Kobiyama et al. Circ Res. .
No abstract available

Keywords: atherosclerosis; autoimmunity; interleukin-1; peripheral vascular disease; stroke; vaccination.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosures

None.

Figures

Figure.
Figure.. Adaptive immune responses in atherosclerosis.
Top: In healthy individuals, LDLR on antigen presenting cells (APCs) recognizes and takes up LDL, inducing production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Self-reactive Tregs recognize ApoB peptides presented by MHC-II on APCs in the context of co-stimulatory molecules that promote Tregs, which also produce anti-inflammatory cytokines production, thereby preventing or dampening atherosclerosis. Bottom: Modified and oxidized (ox)LDL accumulates in atherosclerotic lesions and is recognized by receptors like TLR14 and CD36 to induce transcription of inflammatory cytokines like IL-12 and IL-23. CD4 T cells recognize ApoB peptides in the context of pro-inflammatory cytokines and strong costimulation, which induces Th1 (T-bet+) and Th17 (RORγt+) T cells. Their production of IFN-γ and IL-17 exacerbates atherosclerosis. Now, CD8 T cells also recognize ApoB epitopes presented by MHC-I and exacerbate inflammation by producing IFN-γ. TCR: T cell receptor, TLR4: toll-like receptor 4.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, Genest J, Gotto AM, Kastelein JJ Jr, Koenig W, Libby P, Lorenzatti AJ, MacFadyen JG, Nordestgaard BG, Shepherd J, Willerson JT, Glynn RJ, Group JS . Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated c-reactive protein. The New England journal of medicine. 2008;359:2195–2207 - PubMed
    1. Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C, Fonseca F, Nicolau J, Koenig W, Anker SD, Kastelein JJP, Cornel JH, Pais P, Pella D, Genest J, Cifkova R, Lorenzatti A, Forster T, Kobalava Z, Vida-Simiti L, Flather M, Shimokawa H, Ogawa H, Dellborg M, Rossi PRF, Troquay RPT, Libby P, Glynn RJ, Group CT. Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. The New England journal of medicine. 2017;377:1119–1131 - PubMed
    1. Kimura T, Tse K, Sette A, Ley K. Vaccination to modulate atherosclerosis. Autoimmunity. 2015;48:152–160 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mills CD, Ley K, Buchmann K, Canton J. Sequential immune responses: The weapons of immunity. Journal of innate immunity. 2015;7:443–449 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ley K, Pramod AB, Croft M, Ravichandran KS, Ting JP. How mouse macrophages sense what is going on. Frontiers in immunology. 2016;7:204. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types