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Review
. 2018;4(3):250-260.
doi: 10.1007/s40495-018-0133-6. Epub 2018 May 2.

The Chemoprevention of Ovarian Cancer: the Need and the Options

Rishil J Kathawala  1 , Andrzej Kudelka  1 , Basil Rigas  1
Affiliations
Review

The Chemoprevention of Ovarian Cancer: the Need and the Options

Rishil J Kathawala et al. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2018.

Erratum in

Abstract

Purpose of review: Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the most lethal of all gynecological cancers, with a 5-year survival around 46%, mainly due to limitations in early diagnosis and treatment. Consequently, the chemoprevention of OvCa emerges as an important option to control this dismal disease. Here, we discuss the role of risk assessment in the design of chemoprevention strategies for OvCa, describe candidate agents, and assess future directions in this field.

Recent findings: OvCa chemoprevention represents an opportunity for all women, especially those at high risk such as carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The use of oral contraceptives confers substantial protection against OvCa including women at high risk, which increases with longer use. Despite strong evidence for their efficacy, safety concerns and the magnitude of the requisite interventional clinical trials seem to have precluded definitive studies of oral contraceptives for this application. Several other classes of drugs, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, retinoids, angiopreventive agents, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown promise for OvCa chemoprevention.

Summary: Currently, no agent is proven by interventional trials to possess chemopreventive properties against OvCa. The key opportunities in the chemoprevention of OvCa include the development of surrogate biomarkers for OvCa, the molecular definition of OvCa risk that will help select those who may benefit the most from chemoprevention, the identification of additional agents likely driven by understanding the molecular pathogenesis of OvCa, and the development of dedicated resources and support mechanisms for OvCa. Overall, there is significant optimism for the future of OvCa chemoprevention.

Keywords: Chemoprevention; NSAIDs; Oral contraceptives, PARP inhibitors; Ovarian cancer; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The chemoprevention of ovarian cancer. A match between an agent and its appropriate risk group will be essential for ovarian cancer chemoprevention. NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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