Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Jan 8;47(D1):D94-D99.
doi: 10.1093/nar/gky989.

GenBank

Eric W Sayers  1 , Mark Cavanaugh  1 , Karen Clark  1 , James Ostell  1 , Kim D Pruitt  1 , Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi  1
Affiliations

GenBank

Eric W Sayers et al. Nucleic Acids Res. .

Abstract

GenBank® (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) is a comprehensive database that contains publicly available nucleotide sequences for 420 000 formally described species. Most GenBank submissions are made using BankIt, the NCBI Submission Portal, or the tool tbl2asn, and are obtained from individual laboratories and batch submissions from large-scale sequencing projects, including whole genome shotgun (WGS) and environmental sampling projects. Daily data exchange with the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) ensures worldwide coverage. GenBank is accessible through the NCBI Nucleotide database, which links to related information such as taxonomy, genomes, protein sequences and structures, and biomedical journal literature in PubMed. BLAST provides sequence similarity searches of GenBank and other sequence databases. Complete bimonthly releases and daily updates of the GenBank database are available by FTP. Recent updates include an expansion of sequence identifier formats to accommodate expected database growth, submission wizards for ribosomal RNA, and the transfer of Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) and Genome Survey Sequence (GSS) data into the Nucleotide database.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

  • GenBank.
    Benson DA, Cavanaugh M, Clark K, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Ostell J, Pruitt KD, Sayers EW. Benson DA, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D41-D47. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1094. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018. PMID: 29140468 Free PMC article.
  • GenBank.
    Benson DA, Cavanaugh M, Clark K, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman DJ, Ostell J, Sayers EW. Benson DA, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 4;45(D1):D37-D42. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw1070. Epub 2016 Nov 28. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017. PMID: 27899564 Free PMC article.
  • GenBank.
    Benson DA, Cavanaugh M, Clark K, Karsch-Mizrachi I, Lipman DJ, Ostell J, Sayers EW. Benson DA, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan;41(Database issue):D36-42. doi: 10.1093/nar/gks1195. Epub 2012 Nov 27. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013. PMID: 23193287 Free PMC article.
  • Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
    Sayers EW, Beck J, Bolton EE, Bourexis D, Brister JR, Canese K, Comeau DC, Funk K, Kim S, Klimke W, Marchler-Bauer A, Landrum M, Lathrop S, Lu Z, Madden TL, O'Leary N, Phan L, Rangwala SH, Schneider VA, Skripchenko Y, Wang J, Ye J, Trawick BW, Pruitt KD, Sherry ST. Sayers EW, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Jan 8;49(D1):D10-D17. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa892. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021. PMID: 33095870 Free PMC article. Review.
  • Efficient compression of SARS-CoV-2 genome data using Nucleotide Archival Format.
    Kryukov K, Jin L, Nakagawa S. Kryukov K, et al. Patterns (N Y). 2022 Sep 9;3(9):100562. doi: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100562. Epub 2022 Jul 7. Patterns (N Y). 2022. PMID: 35818472 Free PMC article. Review.
See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Benson D.A., Cavanaugh M., Clark K., Karsch-Mizrachi I., Ostell J., Pruitt K.D., Sayers E.W.. GenBank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46:D41–D47. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Silvester N., Alako B., Amid C., Cerdeno-Tarraga A., Clarke L., Cleland I., Harrison P.W., Jayathilaka S., Kay S., Keane T. et al. . The European nucleotide archive in 2017. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46:D36–D40. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kodama Y., Mashima J., Kosuge T., Kaminuma E., Ogasawara O., Okubo K., Nakamura Y., Takagi T.. DNA data bank of Japan: 30th anniversary. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46:D30–D35. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Karsch-Mizrachi I., Takagi T., Cochrane G. International Nucleotide Sequence Database, C . The international nucleotide sequence database collaboration. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46:D48–D51. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCBI Resource Coordinators Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46:D8–D13. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types