Pulmonary Arterial Wedge Pressure at Rest and During Exercise in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: The pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) response to exercise may unmask latent heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. There remains a lack of consensus over threshold values for PAWP during exercise. A systematic review of studies examining PAWP by means of right heart catheterization at rest and during exercise in healthy individuals was performed.

Methods and results: Relevant data derived from healthy volunteers were stratified by age (older than 40 years vs 40 years or younger) and sex. Three exercise intensities were predefined: light, moderate, and strenuous. Weighted means and weighted 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the aggregate data were calculated. A total of 424 individuals from 32 unique studies were included, of which 19% (n = 82) were female. PAWP reached weighted mean and 95% CI values of 19 (17-21) and 17 (16-18) mm Hg at light and moderate exercise, respectively. The PAWP response to exercise was similar between men and women >40 years of age. However, exercise intensities were lower in women.

Conclusions: PAWP increases during exercise, reaching up to 20 mm Hg in adults >40 years of age. Older women achieve PAWP values similar to those of older men, but at lower intensities. Findings support a threshold of at least 25 mm Hg as an absolute cutoff value for "normal" PAWP response to exercise in individuals >40 years old.

Keywords: Hemodynamics; exercise; healthy; pulmonary artery wedge pressure; pulmonary pressure; right heart catheterization.