The Effect of Age of Initiation of Cannabis Use on Psychosis, Depression, and Anxiety among Youth under 25 Years
- PMID: 30373388
- PMCID: PMC6591882
- DOI: 10.1177/0706743718809339
The Effect of Age of Initiation of Cannabis Use on Psychosis, Depression, and Anxiety among Youth under 25 Years
Abstract
Objectives: This study was conducted to review the current state of evidence on the association between age of initiation of cannabis use and symptoms of psychosis, depression, or anxiety among youth under 25 years of age.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles published prior to March 2018 by searching OVID MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and the references of included studies. We included comparative studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) that reported on cannabis use in persons <25 years of age (exposure) and symptoms of psychosis, depression, or anxiety (outcome). We narratively synthesized the studies according to design (cohort, etc.) and psychiatric outcome. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias.
Results: Of the 534 citations identified through the literature search, 23 met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. With psychosis as the outcome, all except one study found that earlier cannabis use was generally associated with higher risks. With depression/anxiety as the outcome, 6 of the 11 included studies reported findings indicating that earlier use of cannabis was linked to higher symptom levels.
Conclusion: In persons <25 years old, greater cannabis use is associated with more psychological symptoms, especially among those with a predisposition or existing vulnerability to such outcomes (Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level 3 or 4). Policy makers need to consider the adverse effects of cannabis use in youth when planning a public health approach to cannabis legalization.
Objectifs :: Cette étude a été menée pour examiner l’état actuel des données probantes sur l’association entre l’âge de début de l’utilisation du cannabis et les symptômes de psychose, de dépression ou d’anxiété chez les jeunes de moins de 25 ans.
Méthodes :: Nous avons mené une revue systématique des articles publiés avant mars 2018 en cherchant dans les bases de données OVID MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, et les bibliographies des études incluses. Nous avons inclus des études comparatives (cohorte, cas-témoin, transversale) qui portaient sur l’utilisation de cannabis chez des personnes âgées de <25 ans (exposition) et les symptômes de psychose, de dépression ou d’anxiété (résultat). Nous avons synthétisé les études sous forme narrative conformément à la méthode employée (cohorte, etc.) ainsi qu’au résultat psychiatrique. Nous avons utilisé l’échelle Newcastle-Ottawa pour évaluer le risque de biais.
Résultats :: Sur les 534 citations repérées dans la recherche sur la littérature, 23 satisfaisaient aux critères d’admissibilité et ont été incluses dans cette revue. En fonction de la psychose comme résultat, toutes les études sauf une constataient que l’utilisation précoce du cannabis était généralement associée à des risques plus élevés. En fonction de la dépression/anxiété comme résultat, six sur 11 études incluses présentaient des résultats indiquant que l’utilisation précoce du cannabis était liée à des niveaux de symptômes plus élevés.
Conclusion :: Chez les personnes de <25 ans, l’utilisation plus importante du cannabis est associée avec un plus grand nombre de symptômes psychologiques, particulièrement chez les personnes qui ont une prédisposition ou une vulnérabilité existante à ces résultats (centre Oxford de médecine fondée sur des données probantes niveau 3 ou 4). Les décideurs doivent tenir compte des effets indésirables de l’utilisation du cannabis chez les jeunes lorsqu’ils planifient une approche de santé publique pour la légalisation du cannabis.
Keywords: age at initiation; anxiety; cannabis; depression; psychosis; youth.
Conflict of interest statement
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Comment in
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Cannabis and Mental Health: Insights from Canadian Research.Can J Psychiatry. 2019 May;64(5):302-303. doi: 10.1177/0706743719835844. Can J Psychiatry. 2019. PMID: 31095434 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
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