Caloric restriction improves the redox homeostasis in the aging male rat heart even when started in middle-adulthood and when the body weight is stable

Abstract

Evidence indicates that maintenance of redox homeostasis is fundamental for cellular longevity. Caloric-restriction (CR) is said to decrease the formation of oxidatively modified cellular macromolecules and improve health. On the other hand, some studies indicate that many CR studies are flawed, because ad libitum fed rats are not well-controlled. Thus, it is claimed that purported beneficial effects of CR could be not due to real CR effect, but due to control animals going obese. Also, it remains to be elucidated whether effects of CR could be observed even when CR is started in mid-adulthood. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped as: non-CR 6-month-old rats (n = 7), 24-month-old rats subjected to 40% CR for 6 months between 18th and 24th months (n = 8), and non-CR 24-month-old animals (n = 8). We investigated 16 previously validated biomarkers of macromolecular redox homeostasis, ranging from protein and lipid oxidation to glycation and antioxidative capacity. In the present study, the protein, lipid and antioxidant capacity redox homeostasis biomarkers overwhelmingly indicate that, CR, even though not started very early in adulthood, could still offer potential therapeutic effects and it could significantly improve various redox homeostasis biomarkers associated with disease reliably in the heart tissue of aging male Sprague-Dawley rats. Therefore, the effects of CR likely operate through similar mechanisms throughout adulthood and CR seems to have real ameliorative effects on organisms that are not due to confounding factors that come from ad libitum fed rats.

Keywords: Aging; Caloric restriction; Cardiovascular disease; Oxidative stress; Redox homeostasis.