May perioperative ultrasound-guided pelvic floor muscle training promote early recovery of urinary continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy?

Abstract

Aims: The efficacy of perioperative pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for continence recovery after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) remains unclear. Visualization of the bladder neck and urethra using transperineal ultrasound (US) may promote self-recognition of urethral closure during PFM contraction. This study aimed to examine whether transperineal US-guided PFMT promotes early recovery of post-RARP incontinence.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 116 men undergoing RARP. All men were offered to undergo transperineal US-guided PFMT, and 36 men agreed. The protocol consisted of biofeedback PFMT using transperineal US before RARP and 1-month after RARP with verbal instruction of PFMT immediately after urethral catheter removal. The remaining 80 patients received verbal instruction for PFMT alone. Continence recovery was defined as the number of days requiring a small pad (20 g) per day by self-report.

Results: No differences were observed in demographic or peri-operative parameters between the two groups except the longer operative time in the US-guided PFMT group. The mean time until continence recovery was significantly shorter in the US-guided PFMT group (75.6 ± 100.0 days) than in the verbal-PFMT group (121.8 ± 132.0 days, P = 0.037). Continence recovery rates within 30 days were 52.8% (19/36) and 35.4% (28/80) in the US-guided PFMT and verbal-PFMT groups, respectively (P = 0.081). US-guided PFMT was associated with better postoperative continence status (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.550 [0.336-0.900], P = 0.017).

Conclusions: The results showed that transperineal US-guided PFMT perioperatively was associated with early recovery of urinary continence after RARP.

Keywords: biofeedback; pelvic floor muscle training; prostate cancer; transperineal; ultrasound.