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. 2019 Winter;31(1):65-69.
doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18040095. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Fearful Attachment Linked to Childhood Abuse, Alexithymia, and Depression in Motor Functional Neurological Disorders

Benjamin Williams  1 , Juan Pablo Ospina  1 , Rozita Jalilianhasanpour  1 , Gregory L Fricchione  1 , David L Perez  1
Affiliations

Fearful Attachment Linked to Childhood Abuse, Alexithymia, and Depression in Motor Functional Neurological Disorders

Benjamin Williams et al. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019 Winter.

Abstract

Insecure attachment is a predisposing risk factor for the development of functional neurological disorder (FND). There is limited research investigating connections between attachment styles, other predisposing vulnerabilities, and symptom severity in patients with motor FND. By using a within-group design with prospective data collection, the authors performed univariate tests followed by multivariate linear regressions to investigate neuropsychiatric factors associated with four attachment styles (secure, fearful, preoccupied, and dismissing) among 56 patients with motor FND (mean age=40.2 years [SD=13.0]; women, N=41; men, N=15). In univariate analyses, fearful attachment style was associated with self-reported adverse life event burden, alexithymia, dissociation, depression, anxiety, impaired stress coping skills, functional neurologic symptom severity, and marital status. In a multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis, childhood abuse, alexithymia, depression, and not being married independently predicted fearful attachment. In a post hoc analysis, childhood sexual and emotional abuse were each independently associated with fearful attachment tendencies. There were no independent predictors of secure, preoccupied, or dismissing attachment styles in this study population. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to investigate nuanced relationships among predisposing vulnerabilities for the development of FND, as well as potential links between risk factors, functional neurologic symptom severity, and clinical outcomes.

Keywords: Functional Neurological Disorder Conversion Disorder Attachment Style Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures Functional Movement Disorder.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest/Disclosures:

None

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Scatterplots of the associations between fearful attachment (RSQ), childhood trauma, depression, and alexithymia in motor functional neurological disorders.
RSQ, Relationship Scales Questionnaire; FND, Functional Neurological Disorder; CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; TAS, Toronto Alexithymia Score.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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